scholarly journals Coronary ischemic disease, arterial stiffness, and pulse pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 724-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
M SAFAR ◽  
H SMULYAN
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Disease ◽  
Coronary Ischemic Disease

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption and Hypertension: Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill F. Elias ◽  
Gregory A. Dore ◽  
Georgina E. Crichton
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Dairy Consumption

Abstract MP100: Arterial Stiffness and Pressure Amplification Associated with Markers of Cerebral Microvascular Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Palta ◽  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Michelle Meyer ◽  
Melinda C Power ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Lacunar Infarcts ◽  
Pressure Amplification

Introduction: Small vessel disease is associated with decreased cognitive function, possibly differential by race. Age-related central arterial stiffening increases pulsatility resulting in hypoperfusion, microvascular damage and remodeling in the brain, potentially impairing cognition. We examined if arterial stiffness and pressure amplification are associated with lacunar infarcts and greater volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in a sample of Caucasian and African American (AA) older adults. Methods: We analyzed a cross-sectional sample of ARIC participants aged 67-90 years (n=1486) from visit 5 (2011-2013), with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Omron VP-1000 Plus was used to measure aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]) and pressure amplification measures (pulse pressure amplification [PPA], central pulse pressure [cPP], and estimated central systolic blood pressure [cSBP]). Aortic stiffness and pressure amplification were dichotomized at race-specific 25th percentile cut points. Brain MRI using 3D-1.5T equipment quantified the presence of lacunar infarcts and volumes of WMH following a standardized protocol. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, ApoE4, heart rate, smoking and body mass index, was used to quantify the odds of lacunar infarcts in participants with high vs. low cfPWV, cPP, cSBP, and low vs. high PPA. Linear regression models, additionally adjusted for intracranial volume, estimated the difference in log-transformed volumes of WMH among participants with high vs. low cfPWV, cPP, cSBP, and low vs. high PPA. Probability sampling weights for an MRI were included to allow for generalizability to the full visit 5 cohort. Results: Among the 1486 participants with a brain MRI (mean age: 76, 41% male, 26% AA), measures of aortic stiffness and pressure amplification were associated with lacunar infarcts in Caucasians, but not in AAs. Caucasian participants with a high cfPWV had greater odds of lacunar infarcts (Odds Ratio [OR] =2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23, 2.20). Caucasians with high cSBP had higher odds of lacunar infarcts (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.69). In Caucasians, high cfPWV was associated with a 21% (95% CI: 6, 38) greater volume of WMH as compared to a low cfPWV; high cSBP was associated with a 28% (95% CI: 14, 45) greater volume of WMH compared to a low cSBP. In AAs, high cfPWV was associated with a 32% (95% CI: 7, 62) greater volume of WMH as compared to low cfPWV. Cerebral microvascular imaging markers did not differ quantitatively with measures of PPA and cPP. Conclusions: Central arterial stiffening and pressure amplification are plausible microvascular contributors to cognitive aging, providing new information on modifiable pathways for previously observed associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors and the rates of cognitive decline and dementia among older adults.

Abstract WMP54: Association Between Arterial Stiffness and All-cause Mortality Among Stroke Survivors in the United States

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle P Lin ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele ◽  
Rebecca F Gottesman ◽  
Nerses Sanossian ◽  
Daniela Markovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Rate Ratios

Introduction: Indirect measures of arterial stiffness such as wide pulse-pressure, high BP variability, elevated LDL, and abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) each predict cerebrovascular events and outcomes; however, less is known about the utility of these markers in combination. Hypothesis: Higher number of abnormal indirect measurements of arterial stiffness is associated with higher mortality after stroke. Methods: Using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2004 (with linked mortality through 2010), we assessed arterial stiffness scores for adults aged ≥40 years. Arterial stiffness score (range 0-4) was defined as number of positive findings among the following: high SBP variability (highest quartile), wide pulse pressure (highest quartile), abnormal ABI (<0.9 or >1.3), or LDL ≥ 100 mg/dL. We assessed stroke prevalence across arterial stiffness scores. Independent relationships between arterial stiffness score and all-cause-mortality were assessed using Cox regression models. Results: Among 6,711 individuals, 25% were aged ≥ 65 years, 51% were women, and 79% were White. Factors associated with higher arterial stiffness scores were: older age, female sex, lower education, and lower socioeconomic status (all P<0.001). Higher arterial stiffness score was associated with higher odds of stroke (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9-5.5). Of the score components, stroke survivors were more likely to have wide pulse pressure and abnormal ABI compared to those without stroke (P<0.001). There was a dose-dependent relationship between arterial stiffness score and all-cause mortality after stroke: adjusted mortality rate ratios were 1.0. 1.9, 3.1, 3.4 across increasing arterial stiffness scores (trend p=0.0039). Mortality curves are shown. Conclusions: Simultaneous assessment of common ambulatory markers for arterial stiffness provides a simple, readily available scheme for stroke risk outcome stratification.

MO570PULSE PRESSURE: A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR CALCIFICATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merita Rroji (Molla) ◽  
Saimir Seferi ◽  
Majlinda Cafka ◽  
Erjola Likaj ◽  
Vilma Cadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure

Abstract Background and Aims The mortality rate is extremely high in chronic kidney disease (CKD), primarily due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased pulse pressure (PP), defined as the difference between inappropriately elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at any value of mean arterial pressure (MAP), is a surrogate measure of increased arterial stiffness of central elastic arteries (aorta and its major branches). CKD-MBD anomalies leading to calcification contribute to increased arterial stiffness and pulse pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of pulse pressure parameter with valve calcification and abdominal aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients and its impact on cardiovascular mortality. Method We performed a prospective case series study with 3 years follow- up. Plain X-ray images of the lateral lumbar spine from all subjects were studied to obtain images of the lower abdominal aorta using semiquantitative scores as described by Kauppila et al. Cardiac valve calcifications were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography with an HDI 5000 Sono CT echocardiographic machine with a 3.3-MHz multiphase array probe in subjects lying in the left decubitus position an according to the recommendations of the European Association of Echocardiography. The patient was evaluated as having vascular calcification if he had the presence of calcification in at least one of the site examined: a mitral valve, aortic valve or abdominal aorta. Results We studied 85 chronic stable hemodialysis patients. Mean age and meantime is therapy was 49.9±12.4 years and 51.5±28.7 months, respectively. Mean pulse pressure was 55.72±14.2 mmHg. Fifty-nine patients (69.4%) were identified with aortic abdominal calcification, and the mean Kauppila score was 4.91 ± 4.05. Sixty patients (70.5%) had at least one valve calcified, while thirty-three patients (38.8%) had both valves calcified. Univariate analysis revealed that every 1 mmHg increase in pulse pressure was associated with increased cardiovascular calcification risk p=0.020. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels, the association also remained strong, where every increase of 1 mm Hg in pulse pressure was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular calcification (HR 1.02, 95% CI (1.00-1.03), p= 0.038). Besides, pulse pressure was an independent predictor for cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI (1.02-1.05), p=0.002). Conclusion Pulse pressure may identify hemodialysis patients with subclinical cardiovascular calcification who need further evaluation. Wide pulse pressure is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.

scholarly journals Residential Proximity to Greenness Mitigates the Hemodynamic Effects of Ambient Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Riggs ◽  
Ray Yeager ◽  
Daniel J. Conklin ◽  
Natasha DeJarnett ◽  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Augmentation Pressure

Background: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. However, it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of greenness are linked to a reduction in the effects of ambient air pollutants. Methods and Results: We measured arterial stiffness in 73 participants with moderate to high CVD risk. Average levels of ambient PM2.5 and ozone were calculated from local monitoring stations. Residential greenness was estimated using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a 200m and 1km radius around each participant's home. Participants were 51% female; average age of 52 years; and, 79% had diagnosed hypertension. In multiple linear regression models, residential NDVI was negatively associated with augmentation index (-3.8% per 0.1 NDVI). Ambient levels of PM2.5 (per interquartile range (IQR) of 6.9 μg/m3) were positively associated with augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), pulse pressure (5.9 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (8.1 mmHg). Ozone (per IQR of 0.03 ppm) was positively associated with augmentation index (5.5%), augmentation pressure (3.1 mmHg), and aortic systolic pressure (10 mmHg). In areas of low greenness, both PM2.5 and ozone were positively associated with pulse pressure. Additionally, ozone was positively associated with augmentation pressure and systolic blood pressure. However, in areas of high greenness, there was no significant association between indices of arterial stiffness with either PM2.5 or ozone.Conclusions: Residential proximity to greenness is associated with lower values of arterial stiffness. Residential greenness may mitigate the adverse effects of PM2.5 and ozone on arterial stiffness.

scholarly journals Effects of pacing modality on noninvasive assessment of heart rate dependency of indices of large artery function

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Tan ◽  
Hosen Kiat ◽  
Edward Barin ◽  
Mark Butlin ◽  
Alberto P. Avolio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Wave Reflections

Studies investigating the relationship between heart rate (HR) and arterial stiffness or wave reflections have commonly induced HR changes through in situ cardiac pacing. Although pacing produces consistent HR changes, hemodynamics can be different with different pacing modalities. Whether the differences affect the HR relationship with arterial stiffness or wave reflections is unknown. In the present study, 48 subjects [mean age, 78 ± 10 (SD), 9 women] with in situ cardiac pacemakers were paced at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 beats per min under atrial, atrioventricular, or ventricular pacing. At each paced HR, brachial cuff-based pulse wave analysis was used to determine central hemodynamic parameters, including ejection duration (ED) and augmentation index (AIx). Wave separation analysis was used to determine wave reflection magnitude (RM) and reflection index (RI). Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Pacing modality was found to have significant effects on the HR relationship with ED ( P = 0.01), central aortic pulse pressure ( P = 0.01), augmentation pressure ( P < 0.0001), and magnitudes of both forward and reflected waves ( P = 0.05 and P = 0.003, respectively), but not cfPWV ( P = 0.57) or AIx ( P = 0.38). However, at a fixed HR, significant differences in pulse pressure amplification ( P < 0.001), AIx ( P < 0.0001), RM ( P = 0.03), and RI ( P = 0.03) were observed with different pacing modalities. These results demonstrate that although the HR relationships with arterial stiffness and systolic loading as measured by cfPWV and AIx were unaffected by pacing modality, it should still be taken into account for studies in which mixed pacing modalities are present, in particular, for wave reflection studies.

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