scholarly journals Extracellular Lipids Accumulate in Human Carotid Arteries as Distinct Three-Dimensional Structures and Have Proinflammatory Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Lehti ◽  
Su D. Nguyen ◽  
Ilya Belevich ◽  
Helena Vihinen ◽  
Hanna M. Heikkilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Carotid

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Of Intravascularly Stented Human Carotid Arteries

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Rankins ◽  
S.D. Ainsworth ◽  
T.M. Sullivan ◽  
J.M. Ochterbeck ◽  
M. LaBerge
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Human Carotid

Three Dimensional Reconstruction of the Components of the Carotid Plaque From Standard CT Medical Images

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Biswas ◽  
Francis Loth ◽  
Susan McCormick ◽  
Hisham Bassiouny
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Manual Selection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Carotid

The present study compares plaque and calcium volumes between sixteen diseased human carotid arteries. Half were from symptomatic patients, and half were from asymptomatic patients. In-house software was developed for the 3-D reconstruction of the plaque components from computerized tomography (CT) images. Results revealed higher mean total volume (TV) in the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. In contrast, the mean ratio of calcium volume (CV) to TV was lower for the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. This shows that symptomatic patients have a significantly greater plaque burden with minimal plaque calcification. The process of acquiring the data helped understand what tools/features are needed to conduct this work. One important feature of this software is the ability to create automated regions of interest (ROI) in addition to simple manual selection/modification of the ROIs in a GUI environment.

Correlation Between Plaque Composition and Shear Stress Using Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Histology and Computational Fluid Dynamics of Diseased Human Carotid Arteries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van der Heiden ◽  
Harald C. Groen ◽  
Lambert Speelman ◽  
Aad van der Lugt ◽  
Anton F. W. van der Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Plaque Composition ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Plaque Destabilization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Carotid

Wall shear stress (WSS) has been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. Moreover, some recent studies suggest that WSS is also involved in determining plaque composition (Cheng et al., 2006) and plaque destabilization in advanced atherosclerosis (Groen et al., 2007). More detailed studies on the relationship between WSS and plaque composition are needed to confirm those relationships.

In vivo measurement of plaque neovascularisation and thermal heterogeneity in intermediate lesions of human carotid arteries

Heart ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 98 (23) ◽  
pp. 1716-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Toutouzas ◽  
Maria Drakopoulou ◽  
Constantina Aggeli ◽  
Charalampia Nikolaou ◽  
Ioannis Felekos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Thermal Heterogeneity ◽  
Human Carotid

CONTRIBUTION OF SENESCENCE BIOMARKERS IN HUMAN CAROTID ARTERIES WITH PLAQUE STABILITY AND STROKE

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2096
Author(s):  
Behnam Heidari ◽  
Jason L. Go ◽  
Seo Rin Kim ◽  
Lilach Lerman ◽  
Amir Lerman
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Plaque Stability ◽  
Human Carotid

In Vitro Three Dimensional Imaging of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Using Ultrasonography

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate W. Boekhoven ◽  
Marcel C. M. Rutten ◽  
Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek ◽  
Frans N. van de Vosse
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
Human Carotid ◽  
Selection Of

Ruptured atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery are the main cause of stroke (70–80%). To prevent it, carotid endarterectomy is the procedure of choice in patients with a recent symptomatic 70–99% stenosis. Today, the selection of candidates is based on stenosis size only. However, endarterectomy is beneficial for only 1 out of 6 patients [1], the patients with unstable plaques (Fig. 1). Knowledge of mechanical properties of different components in the atherosclerotic arteries is important, because it will allow the identification of plaque stability at an early stage.

Secondary Flow in the Human Common Carotid Artery Imaged by MR Angiography

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Caro ◽  
C. L. Dumoulin ◽  
J. M. R. Graham ◽  
K. H. Parker ◽  
S. P. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Mr Angiography ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Flow ◽  
Healthy Human Subject ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The blood flow in arteries affects both the biology of the vessels and the development of atherosclerosis. The flow is three dimensional, unsteady, and difficult to measure or to model computationally. We have used phase-shift-based magnetic resonance angiography to image and measure the flow in the common carotid arteries of a healthy human subject. There was curvature of the vessels and thin-slice dynamic flow imaging showed evidence of the presence of secondary motions. Flexing the cervical spine straightened the vessels and reduced the asymmetry of the flow.

scholarly journals Ferryl Hemoglobin Inhibits Osteoclastic Differentiation of Macrophages in Hemorrhaged Atherosclerotic Plaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Zavaczki ◽  
Tamás Gáll ◽  
Abolfazl Zarjou ◽  
Zoltán Hendrik ◽  
László Potor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Osteoclastic Differentiation ◽  
Human Carotid

Intraplaque hemorrhage frequently occurs in atherosclerotic plaques resulting in cell-free hemoglobin, which is oxidized to ferryl hemoglobin (FHb) in the highly oxidative environment. Osteoclast-like cells (OLCs) derived from macrophages signify a counterbalance mechanism for calcium deposition in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to investigate whether oxidized hemoglobin alters osteoclast formation, thereby affecting calcium removal from mineralized atherosclerotic lesions. RANKL- (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand-) induced osteoclastogenic differentiation and osteoclast activity of RAW264.7 cells were studied in response to oxidized hemoglobin via assessing bone resorption activity, expression of osteoclast-specific genes, and the activation of signalization pathways. OLCs in diseased human carotid arteries were assessed by immunohistochemistry. FHb, but not ferrohemoglobin, decreased bone resorption activity and inhibited osteoclast-specific gene expression (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) induced by RANKL. In addition, FHb inhibited osteoclastogenic signaling pathways downstream of RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β). It prevented the induction of TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6) and c-Fos, phosphorylation of p-38 and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and nuclear translocation of NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-Β) and NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1). These effects were independent of heme oxygenase-1 demonstrated by knocking down HO-1 gene in RAW264.7 cells and in mice. Importantly, FHb competed with RANK for RANKL binding suggesting possible mechanisms by which FHb impairs osteoclastic differentiation. In diseased human carotid arteries, OLCs were abundantly present in calcified plaques and colocalized with regions of calcium deposition, while the number of these cells were lower in hemorrhagic lesions exhibiting accumulation of FHb despite calcium deposition. We conclude that FHb inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages and suggest that accumulation of FHb in a calcified area of atherosclerotic lesion with hemorrhage retards the formation of OLCs potentially impairing calcium resorption.

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