scholarly journals The role of cover crops in irrigated systems: Soil salinity and salt leaching

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Gabriel ◽  
P. Almendros ◽  
C. Hontoria ◽  
M. Quemada
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Salt Leaching

scholarly journals Salt Tolerance and Na Allocation in Sorghum bicolor under Variable Soil and Water Salinity

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Calone ◽  
Rabab Sanoubar ◽  
Carla Lambertini ◽  
Maria Speranza ◽  
Livia Vittori Antisari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Sensitive Organ

Salinity is a major constraint for plant growth in world areas exposed to salinization. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a species that has received attention for biomass production in saline areas thanks to drought and salinity tolerance. To improve the knowledge in the mechanisms of salt tolerance and sodium allocation to plant organs, a pot experiment was set up. The experimental design combined three levels of soil salinity (0, 3, and 6 dS m−1) with three levels of water salinity (0, 2–4, and 4–8 dS m−1) and two water regimes: no salt leaching (No SL) and salt leaching (SL). This latter regime was carried out with the same three water salinity levels and resulted in average +81% water supply. High soil salinity associated with high water salinity (HSS-HWS) affected plant growth and final dry weight (DW) to a greater extent in No SL (−87% DW) than SL (−42% DW). Additionally, HSS-HWS determined a stronger decrease in leaf water potential and relative water content under No SL than SL. HSS-HWS with No SL resulted in a higher Na bioaccumulation from soil to plant and in translocation from roots to stem and, finally, leaves, which are the most sensitive organ. Higher water availability (SL), although determining higher salt input when associated with HWS, limited Na bioaccumulation, prevented Na translocation to leaves, and enhanced selective absorption of Ca vs. Na. At plant level, higher Na accumulation was associated with lower Ca and Mg accumulation, especially in No SL. This indicates altered ion homeostasis and cation unbalance.

scholarly journals Short communication. The role of rabbit density and the diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops in olive groves

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e03SC01 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guerrero-Casado ◽  
Antonio J. Carpio ◽  
Laura M. Prada ◽  
Francisco S. Tortosa
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cover crops are an effective means to reduce soil erosion and to provide food and shelter for wildlife. However, in areas of intensive farming, which are characterised by the scarcity of weed communities, wild herbivores may focus their grazing on cover crops, which could make their implementation difficult. In this work, we test whether rabbit grazing can prevent the growth of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves in Southern Spain in addition to assessing the role of rabbit abundance and diversity of weeds in the development of cover crops. This question has been addressed by sowing <em>Bromus rubens</em> between the rows of five olive groves in Cordoba province (Spain). We then monitored the surface covered by <em>B. rubens,</em> along with both diversity of weed communities and rabbit abundance. Two rabbit exclusion areas were also placed in each olive grove in order to assess the impact of rabbits on the development of cover crops. Our results showed that the surface occupied by <em>B. rubens</em> was considerably higher in the rabbit exclusion areas (mean 56.8 ± 5.65 %) than in those areas in which they could feed (mean 35.6 ± 4.32 %). The coverage occupied by cover crops was higher in areas with lower rabbit density, although this relationship was modulated by the weed diversity index, since in areas with the same rabbit abundance the coverage was higher in those with a richer weed community. These findings suggest that high rabbit abundances can prevent the development of herbaceous cover crops in olive groves, particularly in areas in which alternative food resources (measured as weed diversity) are scarce.</p>

Role of Cover Crops and Planting Dates for Improved Weed Suppression and Nitrogen Recovery in No till Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (14) ◽  
pp. 1722-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Akbari ◽  
Stephen J. Herbert ◽  
Masoud Hashemi ◽  
Allen V. Barker ◽  
Omid Reza Zandvakili
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
No Till

Cover Crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 257-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Vladimir Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Multiple Role ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

The use of cover crops is widespread practice in organic farming systems. Cover crops can be defined as crops that are usually not grown commercially, and can have a multiple role in crop rotations. The benefit of cover crops has been known since long. Legumes are used as biological fixer of nitrogen for the next crop, and are established during periods when the soil is without major crops in order to reduce erosion. In recent years, the role of cover crops has been extended to the biocontrol of weeds, pests and diseases, as well as to the overall improvement of soil quality by increasing organic matter, encouraging the circulation of nutrients and reducing soil compaction. At the same time, their use tends to reduce costs and even create new sources of income on the farm.

scholarly journals Bio-Compost Influences Salinity and Plant Development by Experimenting with Greenhouse Pots

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4847-4850
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Salinity Reduction ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

This paper deals with this research “Role of compost in reduction of saline soil of Agra” [1] and “Soil salinity reduction by bio-compost” [2]. The salinity of the soil is the occurrence which raises the salt content from standard value. The method of increasing the salt content is called Salinization. In soils and water, salts usually occur. It can be these bilish Salinization. Characteristic methods, e.g., durability of minerals or progressive sea removal. It may also come into being with an artificial drainage and excessive use in agriculture of synthetic fertilizers. Salt content is a significant crisis in both plant and crop development. The aim of this research is to study salinity problems on plant cultivation and how soil management methods can prevent salinization problems. Bio-compost has been used to decrease the salinity of the land. With the use of bio-compost, Agra's estibilised soil hydrology model was decreased. Soilcompost combination of saline soil SA-1 and soil samples SA-2 electrical conductivity (EC).To assess the influence of biocompost on salinity on plant cultivation, greenhouse pot experiments were carry out on least salinity presence on both the soil by varying pH as 5.5, 6, 7 and 8. The plant chosen for this investigation was wheat ( Triticum Aestivum). The plant growth of wheat were obsevered significant at pH-6 and 7 in both SA-1 and SA-2 soil samples. The results of the study recommend biocompost have great potential to reduce soil salinity and could be highly potent alternative to chemical fertilizer and increase the growth of plant.

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