Dental Palaeopathological Analysis of the Eneolithic-early Iron Age Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia: Palaeodietary Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Svyatko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Minusinsk Basin

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates and a Review of the Chronology of Prehistoric Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V Svyatko ◽  
James P Mallory ◽  
Eileen M Murphy ◽  
Andrey V Polyakov ◽  
Paula J Reimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Minusinsk Basin

The results are presented of a new program of radiocarbon dating undertaken on 88 human skeletons. The individuals derived from Eneolithic to Early Iron Age sites—Afanasievo, Okunevo, Andronovo (Fedorovo), Karasuk, and Tagar cultures—in the Minusinsk Basin of Southern Siberia. All the new dates have been acquired from human bone, which is in contrast to some of the previous dates for this region obtained from wood and thus possibly unreliable due to old-wood effects or re-use of the timber. The new data are compared with the existing14C chronology for the region, thereby enabling a clearer understanding to be gained concerning the chronology of these cultures and their place within the prehistory of the Eurasian steppes.

scholarly journals Early Iron Age Sword from the Territory of the Middle Yenisei

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Mitko ◽  
Sergey G. Skobelev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The North ◽  
Minusinsk Basin

Purpose. The article is devoted to the characteristics of a double-edged iron sword, which can be attributed to the unique phenomena of the early Iron Age of the Minusinsk Basin. Results. According to its morphological characteristics, the sword is an increased technological modification of the traditional Tagar dagger. The total length of the sword is 59.5 cm; the width of the lenticular blade in cross-section is about 7 cm. The handle with a volute-like pommel is separated from the blade by a narrow butterfly-shaped crosshair. The length of the hilt is 8 cm, which corresponds to the size of the hilts of most Scythian swords. This is a very small size, since in men the average palm width is about 12 cm. Probably, the rounded outlines of the pommel and narrow crosshairs allow, due to their shape, to hold the short handle of a heavy sword more tightly. Conclusion. According to the classification of O. I. Kura, Scythian swords with a narrow butterfly-shaped crosshair and volute-like pommel are included in Group III, Type II A2 dating from the end of the 5th – 4th centuries BC, which corresponds to the boundary between the Podgorny and Saragashen stages of the Tagar culture. The earliest form of sword hilts with typologically similar forms of crosshairs (kidney-shaped, heart-shaped, butterfly-shaped) with bar-shaped pommels appeared in the North Caucasus in the first half of the 7th century BC. On the territory of the Minusinsk Basin, most morphologically similar daggers are usually dated to the 6th – 4th centuries BC. Before the discovery of the Krasnoyarsk sword, long-bladed iron weapons were not known there. At the same time, swords of the Scythian time were found in the nearest regions of Altai and Kazakhstan. The later appearance of the technology for processing iron in the Minusinsk Basin makes it possible to consider the Krasnoyarsk sword an import item. According to another hypothesis, it belongs to the period of the late 3rd – 2nd centuries BC, when local craftsmen mastered the processing of iron and began to make massive quantities of weapons and tools from low-carbon steel. In doing so, they copied traditional archaic forms.

scholarly journals Mapping and Damage Assessment of “Royal” Burial Mounds in the Siberian Valley of the Kings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Caspari
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Northern River ◽  
Preservation Conditions ◽  
Burial Mounds

The Valley of the Kings in Tuva Republic, southern Siberia, is arguably one of the most important archaeological landscapes in the eastern Eurasian steppes. Nonetheless, little information exists about the spatial characteristics and preservation conditions of this burial ground consisting of large “royal” mounds. We map the large monuments of the Uyuk Valley’s northern river terrace and assess their state of preservation based on high-resolution optical satellite data. The burial site consists of several hundred mounds, over 150 of them with diameters of more than 25 m, the largest monuments are bigger than 100 m in diameter. This makes the Valley of the Kings in Tuva Republic one of the largest Early Iron Age burial sites in the Eurasian steppes. Unfortunately, around 92% of the large monuments are in bad condition, mostly due to looting.

scholarly journals Odonthological characteristics of the anthropological series from the Early Iron Age burial ground Verkh-Suzun-5 from the Novosibirsk Ob region

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
M. S. Kishkurno
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Minusinsk Basin ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Similar Combination

Purpose. The article is devoted to the discussion of the results that was obtained from the anthropological study of the materials from the burial mound Verkh-Suzun-5. The burial ground is located in the Novosibirsk Ob area, 4.5 km South-West from the village Verkhniy Suzun. The main goal of the work is to reveal the genesis of the studied population and the measure of influence on its formation of various migration processes. This article is devoted to the study of the odontological series, which was studied according to the standard odontological program developed by A. A. Zubov and also according to the program of archaic dental markers, developed by A. V. Zubova. Results. The series from the Verkh-Suzun-5 burial ground is characterized by the average frequencies of shoveling I1, low frequencies of six-tubercle M1 and deflecting wrinkle M1, high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, average frequencies of four-tubercle M2. A similar combination of features in earlier epochs is found in the Okunevo, Andronovo and Karasuk populations of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin, where there is a complex with average frequencies of shoveling I1, high frequencies of six-tubercule M1, lack of M1 gracilization and average frequencies of deflecting wrinkle M1. The Okunevo series differs from the Verkh-Suzun group by the high frequencies of the distal trigonid crest, but during Andronovo time the percentage of this trait in the Khakas-Minusinsk basin drops sharply. Feature combinations are similar to those observed in Verkh-Suzun are traced in Andronovo groups from Orak burial grounds, Solenoye Ozero-1 and some others, and also in Karasuk groups. In the Early Iron Age, a similar combination of characters is found in the UyukSaglyn population of Tuva (burial ground of Dogee-Baary II). This complex characterizes by high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, the lack of M1 gracilization and the high degree of M2 gracilization, and also the average frequencies of the deflecting wrinkle M1 is traced here. The series from Dogee-Baary II differs from the series from Verkh-Suzun-5 by the absence of six-tubercle forms of M1 and high frequencies of the distal trigonid crest M1. Also a comparative intergroup analysis was carried out by the method of analysis of the principal components, which also showed us the convergence of the series from the Verkh-Suzun-5 cemetery with the Okunev population of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin and the Scythian population of Tuva. Proceeding from this, it can be concluded that the basis of the composition of the studied population is the autochthonous component, which fixes in the earlier epoch of the Okunev population. In this case, the general component of these two populations is expressed in the high frequencies of the Carabelli’s trait M1, the absence of M1 gracilisation, and the average frequencies of deflecting wrinkle M1. This component is typical for Okunev groups; he occupies an intermediate position between the races of the first order (in this case, the Mongoloid and the Caucasoid). Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the composition of the group from Verkh-Suzun-5 was predominant in the local ancient component that occurs in the earlier epoch of the Okunev population of the Khakas-Minusinsk basin, and also this component marks Southern Eurasian Anthropological Formation.

scholarly journals ARTISTIC METALWORK FOUND NEAR THE TOMSKAYA PISANITSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
K. V. Kononchuk ◽  
A. G. Marochkin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Southern Siberia

We describe rare toreutic items found in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2010s near the Tomskaya Pisanitsa rock art site—a zoomorphic fi gurine, two anthropomorphic masks, and an ornithomorphic pendant. Parallels among the ritual and funerary artifacts from Southern and Western Siberia are discussed. The fi gurine representing a horse or an onager resembles certain examples of ritual toreutic art of the Tagar and Kizhirovo cultures (500–300 BC). Anthropomorphic masks represent the Tomsk-Narym variant of late Kulaika toreutics (100 BC to 500 AD) but may be as late as the sixth century, being associated with the post-Kulaika early medieval tradition. The ornithomorphic fi gurine, dating to 500–700 AD, belongs to the early medieval trans-cultural tradition that had originated from late Kulaika art. The Tomskaya Pisanitsa site resembles Early Iron Age and early medieval sanctuaries of Western and Southern Siberia with votive hoards of artifacts including toreutic ones. Such sites are part of the Northern Asian tradition of offerings made near rock art galleries. Hypotheses are advanced about the attitudes of the late Kulaika people to rock art sites in the fi rst half of the fi rst millennium AD.

Archaeological Investigations at Mavis Grind, Shetland

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cracknell ◽  
Beverley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Field System ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Settlement Site

Summary The excavations revealed a stone house and showed that it was oval, 13 m × 10 m, with an interior about 7 m in diameter. In the first occupation phase the entrance was on the SE side. During the second phase this entrance was replaced with one to the NE and the interior was partitioned. The roof was supported on wooden posts. After the building was abandoned it was covered with peat-ash which was subsequently ploughed. There were numerous finds of steatite-tempered pottery and stone implements, which dated the site to late Bronze/early Iron Age. The second settlement, Site B, lay by the shore of the voe and consisted of two possible stone-built houses and a field system. Two trenches were dug across the structures and the results are reported in Appendix I. Although damaged in recent years it was in no further danger.

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