Periodization of bronze age cultures in the ob–irtysh forest-steppe: the stratigraphic position of early and middle bronze age burials at tartas-1

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Molodin ◽  
L.N. Mylnikova ◽  
O.I. Novikova ◽  
I.A. Durakov ◽  
L.S. Kobeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

scholarly journals 14C Chronology of Burial Grounds of the Andronovo Period (Middle Bronze Age) in Baraba Forest Steppe, Western Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
V I Molodin ◽  
Z V Marchenko ◽  
Y V Kuzmin ◽  
A E Grishin ◽  
M van Strydonck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Grounds

This paper focuses on the chronology of Middle Bronze Age complexes in the Baraba forest steppe (western Siberia). Three sites were radiocarbon dated, Stary Tartas 4, Sopka 2, and Tartas 1. The Late Krotovo culture was dated to the 18–19th centuries BC, the Andronovo complex (Fedorovo stage) to the 15–18th centuries BC, and the Mixed Andronovo complex dated to the 15–17th centuries BC. These values are some 300–500 yr older than previously thought, and the new results are consistent with14C dates of the Andronovo cultural complex in northern Eurasia. Based on these data, the 15th century BC is the upper chronological limit of the Andronovo period.

scholarly journals The non-ferrous metal toolkit of the Petrovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
A.D. Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
River Region ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Metal Tools

The article presents data on the morphological and typological characteristics of the trade tools of the Pet-rovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals and middle Tobol River region, originating from the sites of Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Tyumen Regions (77 specimens in total; 126 specimens in total including knives). According to the radiocarbon dating, the chronological period of the Petrovka sites in the Southern Trans-Urals spans the 19th through 18th centuries B.C. The distribution of tools into types was based on the techniques of typological division of the artifacts, taking into account their shape, presence of certain qualitative features, as well as consideration of the geographical and cultural areal of similar articles. The produce of the Southern Trans-Urals center is repre-sented by a diverse set of metal tools and by functioning of large settlements with metallurgical specialization — Kulevchi 3, Ustye 1, and Shibaevo 1. In the typology of the tool complex of the Petrovka Culture of the Southern Trans-Urals and the Middle Pre-Tobol region, common Eurasian types dominate, being genetically associated with the centers of the Middle Bronze Age of the Circumpontian Metallurgical Province — the Late Yamnaya-Poltavkino, Catacomb Culture, and metal-producing centers of the Corded Ware Culture — Volsk-Lbische and Balanovo. A pronounced variety of the morphotypes of the tools, especially knives, is characteristic of the initial stage of ethnogenesis of the cultures of the forest-steppe and steppe zone of Eurasia during the transitional pe-riod from the MBA to the LBA. Common Eurasian types of tools are characteristic of the cultures of the 1st phase of the Eurasian (West Asian) metallurgical province of the forest-steppe and steppe belt from the Don region to the Irtysh region: Abashevo; Sintashta; Early Srubnaya (Pokrovka); Petrovka (Early Alakul). Specific groups of tools inherent in the tribes of the Petrovka Culture were revealed: axes with a massive head; medium-curved sick-les with a prominent handle; socketed spearheads without eyelets and raised ribs along the edge of the socket; forged arrowheads with a through socket; knives with a straight prominent handle — double-edged and single-edged; knives with a forged open socket. In the appearance of some types of tools among the Petrovka population of the Trans-Urals, such as forged socketed tools — chisels, knives, arrows, double-edged knives with a prominent handle, and sickles with a small curvature, the influence of the Abashevo stereotypes of production is discernible. In the meantime, sufficient data have been obtained on the direct imports or on the conjugation of types of the metal tools and weapons of the Sintashta, Petrovka, and Seima-Turbino Cultures in closed complexes.

scholarly journals Knives of the Petrovka Culture in the Southern Trans-Urals: morphological and typological characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
A.D. Degtyareva ◽  
N.V. Ryndina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
River Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The paper reports morphological and typological characteristics of knives of the Petrovka Culture in the Southern Trans-Urals and Middle Tobol River region (the Early Alakul period, as defined by N.V. Vinogradov). According to the 14С dates (36 dates in total, half them are AMS dates), the chronological period of the Petrovka sites in the Southern Trans-Urals spans the 19th through 18th centuries BC. The inventory metal complexes of the Late Bronze Age cultures between the Don and Ishim Rivers, despite the large territory, have many common types of tools. This is particularly noticeable when comparing the largest category of the tools — the knives (49 specimens). Differentiation of the tools by type was based on the methodology of typological attribution of the inventory taking into account the presence or absence of particular qualitative characteristics and their combina-tion — analysis of the handle decoration, presence of a bolster, knife tang, shape of the transition from the blade to the tang, and shape and cross-section of the blade. Alongside the morphological and typological characteriza-tion of the knives, mapping the tools finds and was also carried out with the search for analogues in neighboring cultures. The most effective results have been obtained by mapping of tools with rhombic tangs, crosshair and interception, which are most numerous (147 specimens). We have identified three types of the knives with promi-nent massive handle, knives with forged sleeve and seven types of the tools with tangs. The identified types of the Petrovka Culture of the Southern Trans-Urals are more or less characteristic of the family of related cultures of the Eurasian forest-steppe and steppe belt — Abashevo, Sintashta, Petrovka, Early Srubnaya, and sites of the Potapovka and Pokrovka types. On the basis of the statistical data, there have been identified the types of the knives with a massive handle, as well as those with a forged sleeve, which are predominantly associated with the metalwork centers of the Petrovka Culture. We have unraveled the particular significance of the knives with rhombic tangs, crosshair and interception in the ritual practices of the entire circle of the cultures from the forest-steppe and steppe belt, apparently related to the special social status of the buried individuals. Prototypes of most forms of knives with tangs have been found in the stereotypes of the objects from the production centers of the Circumpontian Metallurgical Province. The common momentum for the genesis of the forest-steppe and steppe cultures, originating from the Middle Bronze Age cultures of the Eastern Europe and Ural, explains the common morphology of the knives for the family of the related cultures of the first phase of the Eurasian Metallurgical Pro-vince with a variety of forms and in contrast to the uniform shape of the knives of the Srubnaya and Alakul types of the second phase of the Eurasian Province.

A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples

Представлены результаты сравнительного комплексного исследования патологического развития костной и зубной систем у индивидов из погребений позднекротовской и андроновской (федоровской) культур эпохи развитой бронзы на юге Западной Сибири. Этот период характеризуется расширением ареала носителей степных традиций андроновской историко-культурной общности в Северной и Центральной Азии, в т.ч. в лесостепь. Изучены изменения внутренней структуры костной ткани на большеберцовых костях (линии Гарриса) и зубные патологии (гипоплазия эмали, кариес). Для фиксации нарушений нормального развития костной ткани использовалось цифровое рентгенографическое оборудование. В выборку включены представители разных половозрастных групп обеих культур из материалов крупнейшего некрополя региона Тартас-1 (Барабинская лесостепь). Линии Гарриса и гипоплазия эмали возникают под действием широкого спектра факторов (инфекционные болезни, периодическое голодание, травмы, авитаминоз и пр.). Кариес отражает увеличение в рационе углеводной составляющей и общий низкий уровень гигиены полости рта. Время формирования каждой из этих патологий различно, что позволяет предполагать неблагоприятные факторы, влияющие на развитие человека в детский, подростковый (линии Гарриса и гипопалазия) и взрослый (кариес) периоды жизни. Выявлены различия в частотах и сочетаниях патологий у представителей позднекротовской и андроновской популяций. В андроновской выборке ниже частота гипоплазии, что указывает на меньшую долю стресса в детском возрасте, а в позднекротовской — линий Гарриса, что может свидетельствовать о низком уровне стресса в подростковый период. Статистические различия в проявлении анализируемых патологий у обеих групп предварительно связываются с различными моделями хозяйственно-культурной адаптации.

A Digital X-Ray Analysis of Middle Bronze Age Skeletal Samples from the Baraba Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Z. V. Marchenko ◽  
M. S. Kishkurno ◽  
A. E. Grishin ◽  
S. Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Skeletal Samples
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