scholarly journals Cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in a non-clinical sample of users

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
April D. Thames ◽  
Natalie Arbid ◽  
Philip Sayegh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning

Cannabis Use, Age of Initiation, and Neurocognitive Performance: Findings from a Large Sample of Heavy Drinking Emerging Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-545
Author(s):  
Melissa Parlar ◽  
Emily MacKillop ◽  
Tashia Petker ◽  
James Murphy ◽  
James MacKillop
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning, including self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in a large sample of emerging adults (ages 21–25) using a cross-sectional design. A secondary objective was to examine age of cannabis initiation as a moderator.Methods:Participants were high-risk drinking emerging adults (n = 598) reporting past-month cannabis use in the following categories: 1) non-users (i.e., never or not in the past month; n = 276), 2) occasional users (i.e., monthly or weekly users; n = 201), and 3) daily users (n = 121). Categorical comparisons were conducted on working memory, attention, behavioral inhibition, delay and probability discounting, verbal intelligence, and ADHD symptoms. Complementary dimensional analyses examined cannabis severity in relation to neurocognition using regressions. Covariates were age, race, sex, income, years of education, tobacco use, and alcohol use.Results:Frequency of cannabis use was significantly associated with poorer working memory performance, more impulsive delay discounting, and greater endorsement of ADHD symptoms, but not other domains. Effect sizes were small and poorer performance was selectively present among daily, not occasional, cannabis users. Earlier age of initiation was not independently or interactively associated with neurocognitive performance.Conclusions:Daily cannabis use was selectively adversely associated with aspects of memory, impulsivity, and subjective attentional functioning, but most cognitive indicators were not implicated, and evidence of amplification by earlier age of initiation was not observed. Ascertaining causal versus consequential roles of cannabis in neurocognitive functioning is an important priority.

542. Cannabis Use and Neurocognitive Functioning in the Psychosis Spectrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S219-S220
Author(s):  
J. Cobb Scott ◽  
Jason Jones ◽  
Tyler Moore ◽  
David Roalf ◽  
Monica Calkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning

U-shaped curve of psychosis according to cannabis use: New evidence from a snowball sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antía Brañas ◽  
María L Barrigón ◽  
Nathalia Garrido-Torres ◽  
Salvador Perona-Garcelán ◽  
Juan F Rodriguez-Testal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Negative Dimension ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) questionnaire and the pattern of cannabis use in a non-clinical sample collected by snowball sampling. Methods: Our sample was composed of 204 subjects, distributed into three groups by their cannabis use pattern: 68 were non-cannabis users, 40 were moderate cannabis users and 96 were daily cannabis users. We assessed the psychotic experiences in each group with the CAPE questionnaire; and then controlled for the effect of possible confounding factors like sex, age, social exclusion, age of onset of cannabis use, alcohol use and other drug use. Results: We found a significant quadratic association between the frequency of cannabis use and positive (β = −1.8; p = 0.004) and negative dimension scores (β = −1.2; p = 0.04). The first-rank and mania factors showed a significant quadratic association ( p < 0.05), while the voices factor showed a trend ( p = 0.07). Scores for the different groups tended to maintain a U-shape in their values for the different factors. When we adjusted for gender, age, social exclusion, age of onset of cannabis use, and use of alcohol and other drugs, only the first-rank experiences remained significant. Conclusions: We found there was a U-shaped curve in the association between cannabis use and the positive and negative dimensions of the CAPE score. We also found this association in mania and first-rank experiences.

Cannabis use and delinquent behaviors in a non-clinical sample of adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Chabrol ◽  
Rachel F. Rodgers ◽  
Gwendoline Sobolewski ◽  
Nikki van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors

scholarly journals Cannabis use and nonuse in patients with first-episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing neurocognitive functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Sánchez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Belén Fernandez-Castilla ◽  
Sara Barbeito ◽  
Ana González-Pinto ◽  
Juan Antonio Becerra-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Abstract Background. The implications of cannabis use in the onset of early psychosis and the severity of psychotic symptoms have resulted in a proliferation of studies on this issue. However, few have examined the effects of cannabis use on the cognitive symptoms of psychosis (i.e., neurocognitive functioning) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the neurocognitive functioning of cannabis users (CU) and nonusers (NU) with FEP. Methods. Of the 110 studies identified through the systematic review of 6 databases, 7 met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 14 independent samples and 78 effect sizes. The total sample included 304 CU with FEP and 369 NU with FEP. The moderator variables were age at first use, duration of use, percentage of males, and age. Results. Effect sizes were not significantly different from zero in any neurocognitive domain when users and NU were compared. Part of the variability in effect sizes was explained by the inclusion of the following moderator variables: (1) frequency of cannabis use (β = 0.013, F = 7.56, p = 0.017); (2) first-generation antipsychotics (β = 0.019, F = 34.46, p ≤ 0.001); and (3) country where the study was carried out (β = 0.266, t = 2.06, p = 0.043). Conclusions. This meta-analysis indicates that cannabis use is not generally associated with neurocognitive functioning in patients with FEP. However, it highlights the deleterious effect of low doses of cannabis in some patients. It also stresses the importance of the type of antipsychotic prescription and cannabis dose as moderator variables in the neurocognitive functioning of CU with FEP.

scholarly journals T55. ATTITUDE AND PATTERNS OF CANNABIS USE IN A CLINICAL SAMPLE OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S224-S225
Author(s):  
Naista Zhand ◽  
David Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use

Opposite relationships between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Ringen ◽  
A. Vaskinn ◽  
K. Sundet ◽  
J. A. Engh ◽  
H. Jónsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Naturalistic Setting ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with altered neurocognitive functioning in severe mental disorders, but data are still inconclusive and there are no studies of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cannabis use and neurocognition in bipolar disorder compared with schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.MethodA total of 133 patients with bipolar disorder and 140 patients with schizophrenia underwent neuropsychological assessments and clinical characterization including measures of substance use. Relationships between cannabis users and neurocognitive function were explored in the two diagnostic groups. Possible interactions between diagnosis and cannabis use were investigated, and findings were controlled for possible confounders.ResultsIn bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of diagnosis and cannabis use on focused attention (p=0.019), executive functioning (verbal fluency – set shifting) (p=0.009), logical memory-learning (p=0.007) and on logical memory-recall (p=0.004). These differences in neurocognitive function could not be explained by putative confounders.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that cannabis use may be related to improved neurocognition in bipolar disorder and compromised neurocognition in schizophrenia. The results need to be replicated in independent samples, and may suggest different underlying disease mechanisms in the two disorders.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use, Schizotypy and Kamin Blocking Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dawes ◽  
Andrea Bickerdike ◽  
Cian O'Neill ◽  
Sarah Carneiro Pereira ◽  
John L. Waddington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
The Relationship

Cannabis use has been associated with increased risk for a first episode of psychosis and inappropriate assignment of salience to extraneous stimuli has been proposed as a mechanism underlying this association. Psychosis-prone (especially schizotypal) personality traits are associated with deficits in associative learning tasks that measure salience allocation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between history of cannabis use and Kamin blocking (KB), a form of selective associative learning, in a non-clinical sample. Additionally, KB was examined in relation to self-reported schizotypy and aberrant salience scale profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 307 healthy participants with no previous psychiatric or neurological history. Participants were recruited and tested using the Testable Minds behavioural testing platform. KB was calculated using Oades' “mouse in the house task”, performance of which is disrupted in schizophrenia patients. Schizotypy was measured using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was used to assess self-reported unusual or inappropriate salience. The modified Cannabis Experience Questionnaire (CEQm) was used to collect detailed history of use of cannabis and other recreational drugs. Regression models and Bayesian t-tests or ANOVA (or non-parametric equivalents) examined differences in KB based on lifetime or current cannabis use (frequent use during previous year), as well as frequency of use among those who had previously used cannabis. Neither lifetime nor current cannabis use was associated with any significant change in total or trial-specific KB scores. Current cannabis use was associated with higher Disorganised SPQ dimension scores and higher total and sub-scale values for the ASI. A modest positive association was observed between total KB score and Disorganised SPQ dimension scores, but no relationships were found between KB and other SPQ measures. Higher scores on “Senses Sharpening” ASI sub-scale predicted decreased KB score only in participants who have not engaged in recent cannabis use. These results are discussed in the context of our understanding of the effects of long-term cannabis exposure on salience attribution, as well as inconsistencies in the literature with respect to both the relationship between KB and schizotypy and the measurement of KB associative learning phenomena.

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