scholarly journals Three key proteases – angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2 and renin – within and beyond the renin-angiotensin system

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuie Guang ◽  
Robert D. Phillips ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Franco Milani
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism, and cancer

Cancer ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald van der Knaap ◽  
Claire Siemes ◽  
Jan-Willem W. Coebergh ◽  
Cornelia M. van Duijn ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Deletion Polymorphism ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

scholarly journals Sustained Dysregulation of the Plasma Renin-angiotensin System in Acute COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Burns ◽  
Matthew Cheng ◽  
Todd Lee ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
David Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Plasma Angiotensin

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 enters cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and COVID-19 infection may therefore induce changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To determine the effects of COVID-19 on plasma RAS components, we measured plasma ACE, ACE2, and angiotensins I, (1-7), and II in 46 adults with COVID-19 at hospital admission and on days 2, 4, 7 and 14, compared to 50 blood donors (controls). We compared survivors vs. non-survivors, males vs. females, ventilated vs. not ventilated, and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-exposed vs. not exposed. At admission, COVID-19 patients had higher plasma levels of ACE (p=0.012), ACE2 (p=0.001) and angiotensin-(1-7) (p<0.001) than controls. Plasma ACE and ACE2 remained elevated for 14 days in COVID-19 patients, while plasma angiotensin-(1-7) decreased after 7 days. In adjusted analyses, plasma ACE was higher in males vs. females (p=0.042), and plasma angiotensin I was significantly lower in ventilated vs. non-ventilated patients (p=0.001). In summary, plasma ACE and ACE2 are increased for at least 14 days in patients with COVID-19 infection. Angiotensin-(1-7) levels are also elevated, but decline after 7 days. The results indicate dysregulation of the RAS with COVID-19, with increased circulating ACE2 throughout the course of infection.Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Unique Identifier: NCT04510623

Measurement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Heart Failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shann Dixon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

Angiotensin II (ANG II), the effector hormone of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of heart failure. Therefore, the measurement of ANGII has become important to characterize the role of this neurohormone in heart failure. However, because ANG II has been difficult to measure, other components of the RAS have been measured to characterize ANG II production. The RAS components (e.g., renin, angiotensin I–converting enzyme [ACE], angiotensin II) have been measured with a variety of techniques. In this review, RAS physiology and the techniques used to measure the RAS components are discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the RAS measurement methods are described.

scholarly journals Hypokalemia and Clinical Implications in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Chen ◽  
Xiaokun Li ◽  
Qifa Song ◽  
Chenchan Hu ◽  
Feifei Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUNDSARS-CoV-2 has caused a series of COVID-19 globally. SARS-CoV-2 binds angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and causes prevalent hypokalemiaMETHODSThe patients with COVID-19 were classified into severe hypokalemia, hypokalemia, and normokalemia group. The study aimed to determine the relationship between hypokalemia and clinical features, the underlying causes and clinical implications of hypokalemia.RESULTSBy Feb 15, 2020, 175 patients with COVID-19 (92 women and 83 men; median age, 46 [IQR, 34–54] years) were admitted to hospital in Wenzhou, China, consisting 39 severe hypokalemia-, 69 hypokalemia-, and 67 normokalemia patients. Gastrointestinal symptoms were not associated with hypokalemia among 108 hypokalemia patients (P > 0.05). Body temperature, CK, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP were significantly associated with the severity of hypokalemia (P<0.01). 93% of severe and critically ill patients had hypokalemia which was most common among elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and CRP. Urine K+ loss was the primary cause of hypokalemia. 1 severe hypokalemia patients was given 3 g/day, adding up to an average of 34 (SD=4) g potassium during hospital stay. The exciting finding was that patients responded well to K+ supplements when they were inclined to recovery.CONCLUSIONSHypokalemia is prevailing in patients with COVID-19. The correction of hypokalemia is challenging because of continuous renal K+ loss resulting from the degradation of ACE2. The end of urine K+ loss indicates a good prognosis and may be a reliable, in-time, and sensitive biomarker directly reflecting the end of adverse effect on RAS system.

scholarly journals Garlic Attenuates Plasma and Kidney ACE-1 and AngII Modulations in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Renal Clearance and Blood Pressure Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled K. Al-Qattan ◽  
Martha Thomson ◽  
Divya Jayasree ◽  
Muslim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Type 1 Dm

Raw garlic aqueous extract (GE) has ameliorative actions on the renin-angiotensin system in type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM); however its effects on plasma and kidney angiotensin I converting enzyme type-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin II (AngII) require further elucidation. This study investigated the effect of GE on plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII concentrations and in relation to systemic and renal clearance indicators significant to blood pressure (BP) homeostasis in early streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type-1 DM. Normal rats (n=10) received 0.5 mL normal saline (NR/NS), diabetic rats (n=10) received 0.5 mL NS (DR/NS), and treated diabetic rats (n=10) received 50 mg/0.1 mL/100 g body weight GE (DR/GE) as daily intraperitoneal injections for 8 weeks. Compared to NR/NS, DR/NS showed a significant increase in plasma ACE-1 and AngII and conversely a decrease in kidney ACE-1 and AngII. These changes were associated with an increase in BP and clearance functions. Alternatively and compared to DR/NS, DR/GE showed normalization or attenuation in plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII. These GE induced rectifications were associated with moderation in BP elevation and renal clearance functions. Garlic attenuates modulations in plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII, in addition to BP and renal clearance function in type-1 DM.

Effect of arginine : lysine ratio in free amino acid and protein form onl-NAME induced hypertension in hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (77) ◽  
pp. 73388-73398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwanath S. Vallabha ◽  
Arun Tapal ◽  
Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo ◽  
Govindaraju K ◽  
Purnima Kaul Tiku
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Oxide Precursor ◽  
System P ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Arginine : lysine in the ratio of 5 : 1 plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases, especially as a nitric oxide precursor leading to vasodilation and inhibiting angiotensin-I converting enzyme in renin angiotensin system.

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