Making sense of age-related distractibility: The critical role of sensory modality

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J.S. Guerreiro ◽  
Dana R. Murphy ◽  
Pascal W.M. Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Age Related

Pathogenesis of Age-related Cataract: a systematic review of proteomic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Karakosta ◽  
Argyrios Tzamalis ◽  
Michalis Aivaliotis ◽  
Ioannis Tsinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Age Related

Background/Objective:: The aim of this systematic review is to identify all the available data on human lens proteomics with a critical role to age-related cataract formation in order to elucidate the physiopathology of the aging lens. Materials and Methods:: We searched on Medline and Cochrane databases. The search generated 328 manuscripts. We included nine original proteomic studies that investigated human cataractous lenses. Results:: Deamidation was the major age-related post-translational modification. There was a significant increase in the amount of αA-crystallin D-isoAsp58 present at all ages, while an increase in the extent of Trp oxidation was apparent in cataract lenses when compared to aged normal lenses. During aging, enzymes with oxidized cysteine at critical sites included GAPDH, glutathione synthase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and PARK7. Conclusion:: D-isoAsp in αA crystallin could be associated with the development of age-related cataract in human, by contributing to the denaturation of a crystallin, and decreasing its ability to act as a chaperone. Oxidation of Trp may be associated with nuclear cataract formation in human, while the role of oxidant stress in age-related cataract formation is dominant.

scholarly journals Critical role of the CD44lowCD62Llow CD8+ T cell subset in restoring antitumor immunity in aged mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2103730118
Author(s):  
Yuka Nakajima ◽  
Kenji Chamoto ◽  
Takuma Oura ◽  
Tasuku Honjo
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
T Cell Subset ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related

CD8+ T cells play a central role in antitumor immune responses that kill cancer cells directly. In aged individuals, CD8+ T cell immunity is strongly suppressed, which is associated with cancer and other age-related diseases. The mechanism underlying this age-related decrease in immune function remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of T cell function in age-related unresponsiveness to PD-1 blockade cancer therapy. We found inefficient generation of CD44lowCD62Llow CD8+ T cell subset (P4) in draining lymph nodes of tumor-bearing aged mice. In vitro stimulation of naive CD8+ T cells first generated P4 cells, followed by effector/memory T cells. The P4 cells contained a unique set of genes related to enzymes involved in one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which is critical to antigen-specific T cell activation and mitochondrial function. Consistent with this finding, 1C-metabolism–related gene expression and mitochondrial respiration were down-regulated in aged CD8+ T cells compared with young CD8+ T cells. In aged OVA-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, ZAP-70 was not activated, even after inoculation with OVA-expressing tumor cells. The attenuation of TCR signaling appeared to be due to elevated expression of CD45RB phosphatase in aged CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, strong stimulation by nonself cell injection into aged PD-1–deficient mice restored normal levels of CD45RB and ameliorated the emergence of P4 cells and 1C metabolic enzyme expression in CD8+ T cells, and antitumor activity. These findings indicate that impaired induction of the P4 subset may be responsible for the age-related resistance to PD-1 blockade, which can be rescued by strong TCR stimulation.

scholarly journals Role of the Undergraduate Student Research Assistant in the New Millennium

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Dutra Nascimento Silva ◽  
Lúcia Cristina da Cunha Aguiar ◽  
Jaqueline Leta ◽  
Dilvani Oliveira Santos ◽  
Fernanda Serpa Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Research Careers ◽  
New Research

In this study, we analyze the contribution of the undergraduate student who participates in the process of generating scientific data and developing a research project using Brazilian research as an example. Historically, undergraduate students have performed the critical role of research assistants in developing countries. This aspect has been underappreciated as a means of generating scientific data in Brazilian research facilities. Brazilian educational institutions are facing major age-related generational changes among the science faculty within the next 5–10 yr. A lack of adequate support for graduate students leads to a concern that undergraduates will not be interested in choosing research assistant programs and, subsequently, academic research careers. To remedy this situation it is important to focus on ways to encourage new research careers and enhance university–industry collaborations.

Life of a Nation's Text: The Travels and Travails of the Indian Constitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-718
Author(s):  
Ronojoy Sen
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Indian Constitution ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Landmark Study

This review essay briefly discusses Granville Austin's landmark study of the working of the Indian Constitution and its critics, reviews three recent books on that Constitution, and evaluates the extent to which these new works have been able to take constitutional studies in new directions. All three books shine a light on the critical role of the Constitution and the courts in Indian democracy. While the authors are well aware of contemporary challenges to constitutionalism and have written on them elsewhere, this does not fully come through in their books. Despite this shortcoming, these recent studies are indispensable in making sense of the Constitution and its role in Indian democracy.

scholarly journals Critical role of Frizzled1 in age-related alterations of Wnt/β-catenin signal in myogenic cells during differentiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Doi ◽  
Mitsuharu Endo ◽  
Kimi Yamakoshi ◽  
Yuji Yamanashi ◽  
Michiru Nishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Myogenic Cells ◽  
Age Related

Management learning and the unsettled humanities: Introduction to the special issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Rasmus Johnsen ◽  
Annika Skoglund ◽  
Matt Statler ◽  
William M Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Privileged Access ◽  
Management Learning ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This special issue engages with the unsettling of the humanities to further explore its relevance for management learning and education. It explores how themes traditionally belonging to the humanities have spurred critical inquiry and raised theoretical issues within other disciplines, following the crisis of the classical humanist ideal as ‘the measure of all things’. It focuses on how the tensions resulting from this crisis can be constructively thematized in the field of management and organization studies, and how the unsettling of the humanities’ privileged access to studying the ‘especially human’ can be taken into the classroom. In this manner, the special issue engages with questions related to the Anthropocene, posthumanism and transhumanism, and raises issues concerning the human possibilities for knowing, learning and living in entangled ways. Additionally, it helps us understand the critical role of the humanities in making sense of the reciprocities between imagination, information and the human crafting of meaningful knowledge.

scholarly journals Nrf2 activation induces mitophagy and reverses Parkin/Pink1 knock down-mediated neuronal and muscle degeneration phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sentiljana Gumeni ◽  
Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou ◽  
Maria S. Manola ◽  
Ioannis P. Trougakos
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Pathway Activation

AbstractThe balanced functionality of cellular proteostatic modules is central to both proteome stability and mitochondrial physiology; thus, the age-related decline of proteostasis also triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, which marks multiple degenerative disorders. Non-functional mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, including Parkin/Pink1-mediated mitophagy. A common feature of neuronal or muscle degenerative diseases, is the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to disrupted mitophagy rates. Here, we exploit Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the functional role of Parkin/Pink1 in regulating mitophagy and proteostatic responses, as well as in suppressing degenerative phenotypes at the whole organism level. We found that Parkin or Pink1 knock down in young flies modulated proteostatic components in a tissue-dependent manner, increased cell oxidative load, and suppressed mitophagy in neuronal and muscle tissues, causing mitochondrial aggregation and neuromuscular degeneration. Concomitant to Parkin or Pink1 knock down cncC/Nrf2 overexpression, induced the proteostasis network, suppressed oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial function, and elevated mitophagy rates in flies’ tissues; it also, largely rescued Parkin or Pink1 knock down-mediated neuromuscular degenerative phenotypes. Our in vivo findings highlight the critical role of the Parkin/Pink1 pathway in mitophagy, and support the therapeutic potency of Nrf2 (a druggable pathway) activation in age-related degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Can diagnostic imaging help improve elder abuse detection?

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1110) ◽  
pp. 20190632
Author(s):  
Taryn J Rohringer ◽  
Tony E Rosen ◽  
Mihan R Lee ◽  
Pallavi Sagar ◽  
Kieran J Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Patterns Of Injury

Elder abuse is an underdetected, under-reported issue with severe consequences. Its detection presents unique challenges based on characteristics of this vulnerable population, including cognitive impairment, age-related deconditioning, and an increased number of co-morbidities, all of which predispose to increase vulnerability to injury. While radiologists play a critical role in detection of child abuse, this role is currently not paralleled in detection of elder abuse. We conducted a thorough review of the literature using MEDLINE to describe the current knowledge on injury patterns and injury findings seen in elder abuse, as well as barriers to and recommendations for an increased role of diagnostic imaging in elder abuse detection. Barriers limiting the role of radiologists include lack of training and paucity of rigorous systematic research delineating distinctive imaging findings for physical elder abuse. We outline the current ways in which imaging can help raise clinical suspicion for elder abuse, including inconsistencies between purported mechanism of injury and imaging findings, injury location, multiple injuries at differing stages of healing, and particular patterns of injury likely to be intentionally inflicted. We additionally outline the mechanism by which medical education and clinical workflow may be modified to increase the role for imaging and radiologist participation in detecting abuse in older adult patients, and identify potential future directions for further systematic research.

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