A comparative study of immobilization techniques for urease on glass-pH-electrode and its application in urea detection in blood serum

2006 ◽  
Vol 578 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Sahney ◽  
S. Anand ◽  
B.K. Puri ◽  
A.K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Glass Ph Electrode ◽  
Ph Electrode

Electrode and cuvette for rapid continuous CO2 tension and pH measurement in blood

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1660-1664
Author(s):  
S. A. Katz ◽  
A. C. Roth ◽  
E. O. Feigl
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Silicone Membrane ◽  
Dimethyl Silicone ◽  
Glass Ph Electrode ◽  
Co2 Electrode ◽  
Ph Electrode

An electrode and cuvette system has been developed for the continuous and rapid measurement of either blood CO2 tension or pH. The CO2 electrode consists of a 1.5-mm-diameter flat-tip glass pH electrode covered by a film of carbonic anhydrase solution, over which a 25-micron-thick dimethyl silicone membrane is attached. Porous ceramic filled with 20% polyacrylamide, equilibrated with a salt solution, serves as a salt bridge between a Ag-AgCl reference electrode and the pH electrode surface. The electrode is housed in a four-port cuvette assembly. Blood from a vessel of interest is delivered to the cuvette by means of an occlusive roller pump. The cuvette maintains the electrode and blood at a constant temperature and directs a continuous jet of blood against the electrode surface. The cuvette also allows for easy and frequent calibration of the electrode with either gas or liquid standards. The 90% response time of the CO2 electrode is 3.0 s for liquids and 1.3 s for gases. Removal of the dimethyl silicone membrane and carbonic anhydrase film yields a pH electrode that can continuously measure blood pH with a 90% response time of 1.6 s.

scholarly journals Comparative study on five kinds of cytokines in the tissues of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) of different developmental stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
J Qian ◽  
X Y Zhai ◽  
L Guo ◽  
W G Chen ◽  
J J Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Andrias Davidianus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sandwich Method ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Chinese Giant Salamander ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract By using of the double antibody sandwich method of ELISA, the activities of five cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-α, IFN-β and TNF-α from the blood serum, liver, intestine and spleen at two developmental stages of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) were determined to analyze the distribution of the cytokines. The result indicated that five cytokines were found in these four tissues, while their activities were different in different tissues and different ages. The highest activity of IL-2 and IL-4 was all present in blood serum of two different ages. The activity of IFN-α was the highest in blood serum of 1-year-old and in spleen of 2-year-old, respectively. The activity of IFN-β was also highest in blood serum of two different ages. The activity of TNF-α was highest in liver of two different ages. Thus, this study provides convincing reference for blood serum and liver as the most important distribution area of Chinese giant salamander.

scholarly journals SERUM-GLOBULIN AND DIPHTHERIC ANTITOXIN.—A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AMOUNT OE GLOBULIN IN NORMAL AND ANTITOXIC SERA, AND THE RELATION OF THE GLOBULINS TO THE ANTITOXIC BODIES

1900 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hanson Hiss ◽  
James P. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Present State ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Methods Of Determination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Variable Factor

The results of the foregoing experiments may be briefly summarized as follows: The amount of antitoxic substance obtained by precipitation with magnesium sulphate from the blood-serum of the horse corresponds, as nearly as can be determined by the use of test guinea-pigs, in full to the protective power of the serum from which it is obtained, i. e. the precipitate from 1 cc. of serum will protect against the same amount of toxin as 1 cc. of the serum itself. Equal amounts of the precipitates by magnesium sulphate from immunized and non-immunized horses act differently toward toxin; i. e. the proportion of protective substance to the precipitate from non-immunized serum is exceedingly small as compared with the proportion of antitoxin to the precipitate from sera of immunized horses. The average precipitate from the sera of immunized horses, as obtained by magnesium sulphate, is more abundant than the average precipitate from sera of non-immunized horses. In the case of the same animal before and after immunization, the serum before immunization gives a less abundant precipitate with magnesium sulphate than the serum tested after immunization. The proportion of increase per unit of antitoxic strength for the same or different horses is not constant. This may be due to an increase of inactive substances (in their relation to diphtheric toxin) or to imperfect methods of determination. The precipitates obtained by magnesium sulphate give all the reactions recognized as characteristic of globulins, and as distinguishing them from other albuminous bodies. We are not warranted, then, in the present state of our knowledge, in considering any part of these precipitates as other than globulin. But it does seem warrantable to conclude, from the fact that the globulins of normal serum do not protect, or only in comparatively large amounts, against diphtheric toxin, that new globulins are formed, or rather greatly increased in the serum of immunized horses, and that these globulins protect against the toxin. These increased globulins and the inert globulins (which from obvious causes are a very variable factor) are both precipitated by magnesium sulphate. Every animal has a physiological and pathological history more or less widely diverging from the normal, hence absolute conformity in the results obtained is not to be expected, at least with our present methods of differentiation.

Comparative Study of Random and Oriented Antibody Immobilization Techniques on the Binding Capacity of Immunosensor

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 6401-6408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kausaite-Minkstimiene ◽  
A. Ramanaviciene ◽  
J. Kirlyte ◽  
A. Ramanavicius
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Antibody Immobilization ◽  
Immobilization Techniques

Evaluation of a microtonometer used with a capillary glass pH electrode.

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Kelman ◽  
A J Coleman ◽  
J F Nunn
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ph Electrode ◽  
Ph Electrode
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