Mechanical amplification mechanism of kinesin’s β-domain

2014 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Zhao Geng ◽  
Shu-Xia Liu ◽  
Qing Ji ◽  
Shiwei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Amplification ◽  
Amplification Mechanism

scholarly journals Feasibility study of using amplified piezo-stack actuators for the actuation of direct drive servovalves

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Paolo Tamburrano ◽  
Pietro De Palma ◽  
Andrew R. Plummer ◽  
Elia Distaso ◽  
Riccardo Amirante
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
Mechanical Amplification ◽  
Linear Force ◽  
Amplification Mechanism

In this paper, we investigate the idea of using, in place of recent linear force motors, amplified piezo-stack actuators for the actuation of direct drive servovalves, in order to exploit the fast response of piezoelements accompanied by the increased displacement ensured by mechanical amplification systems. Some possible architectures are proposed in this paper for the direct actuation of four-way three-position (4/3) servovalves using one or two commercially available amplified piezo-stack actuators having a diamond amplification mechanism. The simplest architecture, which employs only one actuator, is assessed using wellestablished equations implemented in Simulink, allowing the hydraulic, mechanical and electrical parts of the valve to be accurately simulated. Three spools of different size are considered in the simulations in order to obtain performance predictions for different valve flow ratings. From the analysis of the inherent characteristics of the amplified piezo-stack and from the results of the simulations, advantages and disadvantages of this possible architecture are drawn and discussed in detail. Among the advantages, there are the simplicity of construction and the high potential in terms of step response speed and frequency response; the large dimensions, low chip shear force capability and high costs are the main disadvantages.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Amplification of the Actinorhodin Gene Cluster in Streptomyces coelicolor Involving Native Insertion Sequence IS466

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (13) ◽  
pp. 4754-4758 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Widenbrant ◽  
Hsiu-Hui Tsai ◽  
Carton W. Chen ◽  
C. M. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Amplification Mechanism

ABSTRACT We observed a spontaneous amplification of the Streptomyces coelicolor chromosome, including genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes of the antibiotic actinorhodin. A new junction of two tandem segments has, inserted within it, a third copy of a transposable element existing in two places elsewhere in the chromosome, suggesting its involvement in the amplification mechanism.

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