scholarly journals Isolation of functional mitochondria from rat kidney and skeletal muscle without manual homogenization

2011 ◽  
Vol 418 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera S. Gross ◽  
Heather K. Greenberg ◽  
Sergei V. Baranov ◽  
Greta M. Carlson ◽  
Irina G. Stavrovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rat Kidney

α-AMINO-n-BUTYRIC ACID IN TRANSAMINATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
G. Y. N. Iyer ◽  
M. Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Transamination Reaction ◽  
Kidney Liver

The transamination reaction between α-amino-n-butyric acid and α-keto-glutarate or pyruvate or oxaloacetate in the presence of homogenates of rat kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle has been studied. Direct evidence is presented for transamination with α-ketoglutarate in the presence of the first three tissues and with pyruvate in the presence of kidney and liver. Appreciable amounts of alanine are formed in the course of transamination with oxaloacetate. Of the four tissues the liver appears to be quantitatively the most important by virtue of its mass and relatively high specific transaminase activity.

scholarly journals MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS IN THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE OF MITOCHONDRIA FROM MAMMALIAN TISSUES

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akitsugu Saito ◽  
Murray Smigel ◽  
Sidney Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Intermembrane Space ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Isolated Mitochondria ◽  
Mammalian Tissues

There have been several reports describing paracrystalline arrays in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. On closer inspection these structures appear to be junctions of two adjoining membranes. There are two types. They can be formed between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (designated outer-inner membrane junctions) or between two cristal membranes (intercristal membrane junctions). In rat heart, adjoining membranes appeared associated via a central dense midline approximately 30 Å wide. In rat kidney, the junction had a ladder-like appearance with electron-dense "bridges" approximately 80 Å wide, spaced 130 Å apart, connecting the adjoining membranes. We have investigated the conditions which favor the visualization of such structures in mitochondria. Heart mitochondria isolated rapidly from fresh tissue (within 30 min of death) contain membrane junctions in approximately 10–15% of the cross sections. This would indicate that the percentage of membrane junctions in the entire mitochondrion is far greater. Mitochondria isolated from heart tissue which was stored for 1 h at 0°–4°C showed an increased number of membrane junctions, so that 80% of the mitochondrial cross sections show membrane junctions. No membrane junctions are observed in mitochondria in rapidly fixed fresh tissue or in mitochondria isolated from tissue disrupted in fixative. Thus, the visualization of junctions in the intermembrane space of mitochondria appears to be dependent upon the storage of tissue after death. Membrane junctions can also be observed in mitochondria from other stored tissues such as skeletal muscle, kidney, and interstitial cells from large and small intestine. In each case, no such junctions are observed in these tissues when they are fixed immediately after removal from the animal. It would appear that most studies in the literature in which isolated mitochondria from tissues such as heart or kidney were used were carried out on mitochondria which contained membrane junctions. The presence of such structures does not significantly affect normal mitochondrial function in terms of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation.

scholarly journals NEPHROTOXIC SERUM NEPHRITIS IN RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard C. Goodman ◽  
James H. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Tryptic Digestion ◽  
Tissue Antigen ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Kidney Homogenate ◽  
Rat Tissue

A soluble protective factor, capable of absorbing nephrotoxic antibodies from anti-rat kidney serum, can be obtained in high concentration by tryptic digestion of rat kidney homogenate. The factor is no longer antigenic or at most only slightly so. It is stable at 60°, destroyed by boiling, is non-dialyzable, can be precipitated by ammonium sulfate, but resists destruction by proteolytic and other enzymes. In accord with previous studies on the organ localization of the rat tissue antigen responsible for the production of nephrotoxic antibodies, the soluble protective factor, or antigen derivative, can be obtained by tryptic digestion of rat lung, skeletal muscle, heart, and liver.

Gene therapy by skeletal muscle expression of decorin prevents fibrotic disease in rat kidney

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Isaka ◽  
Douglas K. Brees ◽  
Kazuko Ikegaya ◽  
Yasufumi Kaneda ◽  
Enyu Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Fibrotic Disease

An anti-NH2-terminal antibody localizes NBCn1 to heart endothelia and skeletal and vascular smooth muscle cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. H172-H180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle Hasager Damkier ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Jeppe Praetorius
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Heart Ventricles

The electroneutral sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCn1 or NBC3 was originally cloned from rat aorta and from human skeletal muscle. NBCn1 (or NBC3) has been localized to the basolateral membrane of various epithelia, but thus far it has been impossible to detect the protein in these tissues by using anti-COOH-terminal antibodies. Hence an antibody was developed against the NH2-terminus of NBCn1 and was validated by peptide recognition and immunoblotting on positive control tissues and by binding of an ∼180-kDa protein in the rat kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum, and duodenum. In addition, an ∼180-kDa immunoreactive band appeared using samples from the aorta, heart ventricles and atria, mesenteric arteries, lung, spleen, liver, pancreas, and epididymis. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the previously described labeling in the kidney, duodenum, and the choroid plexus. The anti-NH2-terminal antibody localized NBCn1 to the plasma membrane domains of endothelia and smooth muscle cells in small mesenteric and renal arteries, as well as the capillaries of the heart ventricles, spleen, and salivary glands. NBCn1 was also detected in neuromuscular junctions and vasculature in skeletal muscle. Analysis of variable NBCn1 splicing by RT-PCR revealed that an NH2-terminal sequence, the cassette III, seems absent from cardiovascular NBCn1 and that both cassettes I and III are variable in most epithelia, whereas cassette II is absent from epithelial NBCn1. Thus the development of the NH2-terminal antibody allowed the localization of NBCn1 protein to major cardiovascular tissues where NBCn1 mRNA was previously detected. The NBCn1 is a likely candidate for mediating the reported electroneutral Na+-HCO3− cotransport in vascular smooth muscle.

α-AMINO-n-BUTYRIC ACID IN TRANSAMINATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 599-604
Author(s):  
G. Y. N. Iyer ◽  
M. Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Transamination Reaction ◽  
Kidney Liver

The transamination reaction between α-amino-n-butyric acid and α-keto-glutarate or pyruvate or oxaloacetate in the presence of homogenates of rat kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle has been studied. Direct evidence is presented for transamination with α-ketoglutarate in the presence of the first three tissues and with pyruvate in the presence of kidney and liver. Appreciable amounts of alanine are formed in the course of transamination with oxaloacetate. Of the four tissues the liver appears to be quantitatively the most important by virtue of its mass and relatively high specific transaminase activity.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

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