cis-Prenyltransferase and Polymer Analysis from a Natural Rubber Perspective

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kwon ◽  
E.-J.G. Kwon ◽  
D.K. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Analysis

The Elasticity of Rubber-Bitumen Binders for Use in Roads

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-476
Author(s):  
Jacqueline de Merlier ◽  
J. Leveque ◽  
J. Curchod
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymer Analysis ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
The One

Abstract The authors have first described test methods used, on the one part, to determine, in a simple way, the elastic recovery of binders after deformation, and on the other, to characterize accurately the state of degradation of the rubber within the bitumen by assessing the molecular weight of the dispersed polymer. Analysis and interpretation of results have stressed: (a) the effect of the molecular weight of crude natural rubber on the elastic recovery of bitumen-rubber blends; (b) the effect of the way in which bitumen-crude natural rubber blends are prepared on their elastic properties and (c) the effect of the nature of synthetic elastomers on the elasticity of bitumen blends.

Extraction and Analysis of Natural Rubber from the Latex of Ficus carica, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Polymer Analysis of Durio zibethinus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner I ◽  
◽  
Lackner M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Polymer Analysis ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
Fig Tree

In tropical fruits such as durian (Durio zibethinus) and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), only one quarter to one third of the fruit is edible. Finding more ways to industrially use the other components of the fruit can reduce the waste burned or dumped in landfills. Another fruit tree of interest that can also grow in Austria is the fig tree (Ficus carica). Currently, the fruits are the main product of that plant; however, components in the latex of the tree are of interest too. The latex is known to contain natural rubber, which could potentially be used for industrial applications. Jackfruit trees also produce latex, which contains natural rubber. In both cases, the natural rubber has different properties compared to the conventionally used rubber from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). This could provide new opportunities in various applications. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the properties of the natural rubber obtained from the jackfruit and fig trees. Additionally, durian fruit also produces a sticky liquid, so the same experiments were also carried out with durian samples. The experimental procedure included extraction with acetone and cyclohexane as well as polymer length determination with gel permeation chromatography and polymer analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that in both jackfruit and fig tree latex, there is natural rubber of similar polymer length. Durian pulp also contains a polymer; however, with these experiments, it could not be identified. Further research is required to identify the durian polymer and to confirm the results of this experiment.

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. B. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

Novel Approaches of Using of Spirulina Platensis in Natural Rubber Based Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 680-687
Author(s):  
Ewa Głowińska ◽  
Janusz Datta ◽  
Paulina Parcheta and Natalia Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Novel Approaches

Tensile Strength of Protein-free Natural Rubber and its Vulcanizate Soaked in Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Luu Thanh HUYEN ◽  
Chen Ao RAN ◽  
Yoshimasa YAMAMOTO ◽  
Seiichi KAWAHARA
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber

Rubber Fracture Characterization Using J-Integral

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Chow ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
P. N. Tse
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Fracture Parameter ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Specimen Length ◽  
Fracture Characterization ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Material Evaluation

Abstract The use of the J-integral to investigate fracture characterization in a carbon black reinforced natural rubber is described. Three applications to crack initiation are included: two based on the use of a hypothetical zero specimen length and one on conventional testing procedures for metals. While the validity of the zero-length methods is questionable, the conventional method yielded a consistent Jc value of 1.01 N/mm for a typical tire compound. This value was obtained from 24 combinations of varying specimen geometries and pre-crack lengths. The J-integral is revealed as a valid fracture parameter that is applicable not only for material evaluation but also for designing tire structures to resist premature failure. These conclusions disagree with those from an earlier investigation, so the causes for the discrepancies are examined and discussed.

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