High Dose/Refuge Strategy

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Dose ◽  
Refuge Strategy

scholarly journals Issues relating to the practical use of transgenic crops for insect pest management

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
J.E. Losey
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Bt Toxins

The implementation of transgenic plants for insect pest management requires a thorough evaluation of the risks costs and benefits Currently all commercialised transgenic crops for insect control contain genes expressing specific Bt toxins Excluding environmental and human health concerns the most apparent risk for these Btplants is development of resistance to Bt toxins The high dose/refuge strategy is accepted as most likely to delay or prevent pest resistance development This strategy is based on the best available information but has several incompletely tested assumptions The high dose/refuge strategy requires detailed knowledge of the plantinsect system and its implementation involves rigorous crop management There have been few documented instances of harmful impacts on predators and parasitoids from transgenic plants expressing Bt or other toxins The costs and benefits of using transgenic plants will depend on several factors including the plant species its complex of insect pests environmental conditions and alternative pest management tools and systems such as Integrated Pest Management Benefits of transgenic plants are most likely to outweigh costs and risks for insects that are difficult to control by any other method and/or require numerous insecticide applications

Stop Evolution Now!

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ford Denison
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Cotton Farmers

This chapter considers ongoing evolution, particularly as it relates to control of agricultural pests. It begins with a discussion of how weeds evolved resistance to herbicides, focusing on the case of watergrass. It then examines the high dose/refuge strategy for slowing the evolution of pesticide resistance, along with the experience of Australian cotton farmers with this approach. It shows that cooperation among Australian cotton farmers was key to the relatively successful management of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) resistance. The chapter also explores two different ways in which nature can serve as a source of ideas for improving pest control in agriculture: comparing natural ecosystems and studying the pest-defense strategies of individual wild plants.

Effect of the high dose/refuge strategy on Bt-crop yield dynamics (mathematical simulation)

BIOPHYSICS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Rusakov ◽  
A. B. Medvinsky ◽  
B. -L. Li ◽  
M. M. Gonik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Bt Crop

scholarly journals High Genetic Variability for Resistance toBacillus thuringiensis Toxins in a Single Population of Diamondback Moth

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5043-5048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel González-Cabrera ◽  
Salvador Herrero ◽  
Juan Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Cry Toxins ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Cry Toxin

ABSTRACT The long-term benefit of insecticidal products based on Cry toxins, either in sprays or as transgenic crops, is threatened by the development of resistance by target pests. The models used to predict evolution of resistance to Cry toxins most often are monogenic models in which two alleles are used. Moreover, the high-dose/refuge strategy recommended for implementation with transgenic crops relies on the assumption that the resistance allele is recessive. Using selection experiments, we demonstrated the occurrence in a laboratory colony of diamondback moth of two different genes (either allelic or nonallelic) that confer resistance to Cry1Ab. At the concentration tested, resistance was dominant in one selection line and partially recessive in the other. Resistant insects from the two selection lines also differed in their cross-resistance patterns. The diamondback moth colony was derived from a field population from the Philippines, which originally showed a different resistance phenotype. This is the first time that an insect population has been directly shown to carry more than one gene conferring resistance to the same Cry toxin.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Cry1F resistance in laboratory-selected European corn borer and its survival on transgenic corn expressing the Cry1F toxin

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.G. Pereira ◽  
N.P. Storer ◽  
B.D. Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Transgenic Crop ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Refuge Strategy

AbstractA major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management strategies for transgenic crop plants that express toxins fromBacillus thuringiensisis that resistance traits that evolve in pest species will be recessive. The inheritance of Cry1F resistance and larval survival on commercially available Cry1F corn hybrids were determined in a laboratory-selected strain of European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner), displaying more than 3000-fold resistance to Cry1F. Concentration-response bioassays of reciprocal parental crosses indicated that the resistance is autosomal and recessive. Bioassays of the backcross of the F1generation with the selected strain were consistent with the hypothesis that a single locus, or a set of tightly linked loci, is responsible for the resistance. Greenhouse experiments with Cry1F-expressing corn hybrids indicated that some resistant larvae survived the high dose of toxin delivered by Cry1F-expressing plants although F1progeny of susceptible by resistant crosses had fitness close to zero. These results provide the first direct evidence that the high dose/refuge strategy currently in place to manage resistance in Cry1F-expressing corn is appropriate.

scholarly journals Combining the high-dose/refuge strategy and self-limiting transgenic insects in resistance management-A test in experimental mesocosms

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Zhou ◽  
Nina Alphey ◽  
Adam S. Walker ◽  
Laura M. Travers ◽  
Fevziye Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Refuge Strategy ◽  
Experimental Mesocosms ◽  
Transgenic Insects
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