Surface Lipid Translocation

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (26) ◽  
pp. 14264-14268 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Mohandas ◽  
M Rossi ◽  
S Bernstein ◽  
S Ballas ◽  
Y Ravindranath ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wambura ◽  
W. Yang ◽  
L. Williams ◽  
H. Feng ◽  
T. M. Rababah

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Cambier ◽  
Steven M Banik ◽  
Joseph A Buonomo ◽  
Carolyn R Bertozzi

Several virulence lipids populate the outer cell wall of pathogenic mycobacteria. Phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), one of the most abundant outer membrane lipids, plays important roles in both defending against host antimicrobial programs and in evading these programs altogether. Immediately following infection, mycobacteria rely on PDIM to evade Myd88-dependent recruitment of microbicidal monocytes which can clear infection. To circumvent the limitations in using genetics to understand virulence lipids, we developed a chemical approach to track PDIM during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish. We found that PDIM's methyl-branched lipid tails enabled it to spread into host epithelial membranes to prevent immune activation. Additionally, PDIM’s affinity for cholesterol promoted this phenotype; treatment of zebrafish with statins, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, decreased spreading and provided protection from infection. This work establishes that interactions between host and pathogen lipids influence mycobacterial infectivity and suggests the use of statins as tuberculosis preventive therapy by inhibiting PDIM spread.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Widyastuti ◽  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Suroso Adi Nugroho ◽  
Soenarto Kartowigno ◽  
M. Izazi Hari Purwoko ◽  
...  

Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus. Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. We assesesment the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment and placebo after 2nd and 4th weeks treatment using overall dry skin score (ODSS), visual analog scale (VAS), corneometer and sebumeter. We also assessed adverse effect and tolerance this drugs using visual assessment scale. Results: Overall dry skin score (ODSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) significantly decreased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Skin hydration level based on Corneometer score and skin surface lipid based on Sebumeter score was significantly increased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Cure rate and clinical improvement for calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group was significantly higher than placebo group. There was no adverse effect between two groups after treatment. Conclusion: calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is effective than placebo and can be used as alternative or adjuctive treatment and safe and tolerance for UXP.


2018 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhou ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
C. He ◽  
Z. Chen ◽  
Y. Jia

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