Liquoid Induced Stasis and the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Nordstoga
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

SummaryThe composition of the occlusive material within dilated glomerular capillaries, following intravenous injections of Liquoid in blue foxes, was studied electron microscopically; it was found that it mainly consisted of a debris in which disintegrated red cells constituted the major component. Damaged platelets and necrotic endothelial remnants were other components. These observations were interpreted as a result of glomerular stasis, and it was concluded that stasis in glomerular capillaries is a basic event in the development of the renal lesions accompanying the generalized Shwartzman reaction.

Consumption of Hageman Factor Activity in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by Liquoid

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 386-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Müller-Berghaus ◽  
H. G Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

SummaryThe role of Hageman factor in triggering intravascular coagulation has been studied in rabbits injected intravenously with Liquoid. Besides changes of coagulation parameters characteristic of consumption coagulopathy (e.g. decrease in platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, factor V activity), a pronounced drop in Hageman factor activity was observed after injection of Liquoid. Likewise, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged.The activation of Hageman factor in vivo could be prevented by intravenous infusion of lysozyme. Twenty min after starting the lysozyme infusion, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged from a mean of 29 sec to 108 sec. Animals infused with lysozyme and injected with a lethal dose of Liquoid did not develop a consumption coagulopathy. In the same manner, none of 10 animals treated with lysozyme developed the generalized Shwartzman reaction, whereas in the control group 19 out of 20 animals showed fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries.From the present study it may be concluded that the intravascular coagulation process after intravenous injection of Liquoid is triggered by Hageman factor activation.

Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rodríguez-Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clotting System ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Trigger Mechanism ◽  
Haemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Ca Ions

SummaryThe rôle of the clotting system in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction (gSr) has been stressed in recent years. The clotting system is activated ubiquitously and as a result of it, fibrin is deposited intravascularly and a haemorrhagic diathesis develops. Evidence is presented herein, that endotoxin does not activate purified prothrombin, nor does endotoxin influence the convertion of prothrombin when it is activated in the presence of purified platelet-factor 3 (or caephalin) purified Ac-G (factor V) and Ca-ions.The trigger mechanism of the gSr also seems to be in the so-called prephase of clotting mechanism. Data are presented, which show that endotoxin activates the Hageman factor in vitro. The importance of this clotting factor and of platelet-factor 3 is discussed. Also the rôle played by the RES and cardiodynamic and vascular components are taken in consideration in the discussion.

Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Rodríguez-Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Conventional Form ◽  
Renal Cortical Necrosis ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

SummaryAnimals treated in the conventional form to elicit the generalized Shwartzman reaction (gSr) by means of properly spaced injections of endotoxin develop an abrupt consumption of the plasmatic factors of the clotting mechanism, as demonstrated by the reduction of the activity of prothrombin and Ac-G (factor V). These animals show ultimatly characteristic morphological pattern: bilateral cortical necrosis of the kidney. Rabbits treated four hours after the second (‘‘provocative”) endotoxin injection with streptokinase (Varidase/Lederle) in order to activate the fibrinolytic system failed to develop the renal cortical necrosis, but their prothrombin and Ac-G (factor V) level decreased abruptly.Through indirect deduction the intravascular presence of thrombin-like activity is accepted four hours after the “provocative” endotoxin injection.

Effect of cyclosporin on generalized Shwartzman reaction in diabetic rats

Diabetes ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Bunchman ◽  
S. M. Mauer ◽  
Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

scholarly journals SIMILARITY OF HOST RESPONSES ELICITED BY POLYSACCHARIDES OF ANIMAL AND PLANT ORIGIN AND BY BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Landy ◽  
Murray J. Shear ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Responses ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Sarcoma 37 ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Plant Sources

Ten polysaccharides, isolated from various animal and plant sources, were selected for comparison with 2 bacterial polysaccharides, typical of Gram-negative endotoxins. The tissue sources were: mouse (kidney, liver, lung, stomach, Sarcoma 37, and Carcinoma 241-6); rabbit skin and chick embryo skin; and tangerine and Bryonia root. The bacterial endotoxins were those of S. typhosa and Serr. marcescens. Their relative potency was determined in inducing the following host effects: fever, tolerance to pyrogenic action, leucocytic changes, the Shwartzman reaction, damage to Sarcoma 37, dermal hemorrhagic-necrosis by epinephrine, enhancement of antibody production, and lethality. Some of the polysaccharides were consistently active in all the host reactions studied; except for pyrogenic activity at high dosage, the other polysaccharides were consistently negative throughout. The mouse tissue polysaccharides elicited all the effects studied; in some instances their potency approached those of the bacterial polysaccharides. It is pointed out that elicitation of the above array of biological phenomena, hitherto considered characteristic of bacterial endotoxins, can be obtained with polysaccharides from animal and plant tissues.

Use and Dosage of Hydrocortisone in Endotoxic Shock

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-720
Author(s):  
Harry Sonnenschein ◽  
Howard A. Joos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Excellent Article

We enjoyed reading Dr. Hodes's excellent article on endotoxin shock.1 It was particularly interesting to us to note that the Shwartzman reaction could be discounted in these children, and that large doses of intravenous hydrocortisone should be administered promptly on admission to the hospital, or as soon as the diagnosis is made. Dr. Hodes presented several important reasons for using hydrocortisone in endotoxin shock, to which we should like to add another. It has been well documented2 that bacteria possess enzyme systems that can modify and degrade steroids, both partially and completely to carbon dioxide and water.

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