measured-rate service

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measured Rate

V. Studies of cosmic ray neutrino interactions in the Kolar Gold Field experiment

1967 ◽  
Vol 301 (1465) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Standard Rock ◽  
Neutrino Interactions ◽  
Experimental Programme ◽  
Measured Rate ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
The Mean

Results are presented of an experiment to study the penetrating particles in the cosmic radiation deep underground, at a depth of 7500 m. w. e. (standard rock). The events recorded are attributable, in the main, to muons produced either in the atmosphere or by the interactions of neutrinos in the surrounding rock. The muons have been studied in some detail and it appears that the mean energy of the neutrino induced muons (probably less than about 30 GeV) is low compared with that of the muons of atmospheric origin. The significance of the celestial coordinates of the muons and the measured rate of neutrino- induced muons is discussed and the future experimental programme is indicated.

THE OXIDATION, IGNITION, AND DETONATION OF FUEL VAPORS AND GASES: XV. THE CONCENTRATION OF FINELY DIVIDED CARBON IN TOWN GAS-AIR MIXTURES REQUIRED TO INDUCE SEVERE KNOCKING COMBUSTION

1950 ◽  
Vol 28f (6) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
R. O. King ◽  
E. J. Durand ◽  
A. B. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Carbon Deposit ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Measured Rate ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Crank Angle

When using gaseous fuels for the C.F.R. engine, the lubricating oil decomposed to finely divided carbon when the gas was hydrogen and optimum spark advance nearly zero. When town gas was used, optimum spark advance varied from 85 to 15 degrees of crank angle, according to mixture strength, and the lubricant yielded carbon of the hard adherent graphitic variety. When using an L head engine having a combustion chamber with a large surface-to-volume ratio and with the spark plug so placed that optimum spark advance for town gas was approximately half that required with the C.F.R. engine, no appreciable carbon deposit of any variety was obtained. Conditions were therefore such that knocking combustion observed on adding finely divided carbon to the gas–air mixture was not caused to any appreciable degree by carbon derived from the lubricant. It was then found on adding carbon, as graphite dust, at a measured rate to the entering mixture, that approximately 0.3 mgm. in the end gas caused a knock intensity of the degree required to reduce brake horsepower by from 10 to 14%.

The gecko visual pigment: its photosensitivity and the effects of chloride and nitrate ions

1983 ◽  
Vol 220 (1218) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Hypsochromic Shift ◽  
Nitrate Ions ◽  
Porichthys Notatus ◽  
Measured Rate ◽  
Hyperchromic Effect ◽  
Spectral Absorbance ◽  
Type Intermediate

By use of the method of photometric curves, the photosensitivity of the major and ion-sensitive pigment of Gekko gekko has been determined and compared with that of rhodopsins of the frog ( Rana pipiens ) and of the fish ( Porichthys notatus ). In the presence of Cl – (or Br – ), the gecko pigment has the same photosensitivity as the other A 1 rod pigments, but unlike these, the addition of NH 2 OH does not lead to a Dartnall effect, i. e. an enhancement in the measured rate of photic bleaching. This is because the gecko pigment has no meta-III intermediate. In the Cl – -deficient state the gecko pigment has a photosensitivity 0.8 times that of the Cl – -provided system. The increase in photosensitivity brought on by Cl – is quantitatively accounted for by the Cl – -induced hyperchromic effect. The addition of NH 2 OH to the system without added Cl – leads to a small increase in measured rate of photic bleaching with an apparent 13% increment in photosensitivity. This is not a classical Dartnall effect for here again no meta-III is involved. The possibility is raised of an additional, yet undiscovered, action of NH 2 OH on the opsin moiety. Nitrate ions (NO – 3 ) are known to produce an increase in extinction coefficient similar to that of Cl – and a hypsochromic shift in the spectral absorbance. Despite the hyperchromic action, NO – 3 produces a reduction in the measured rate of photic bleaching, an effect explained by the appearance of a meta-III type intermediate absorbing at about 470 nm. While Cl – is able to antagonize the NO – 3 -induced hypsochromic shift, it is unable to reverse the NO – 3 -induction of meta-III. This, along with other differences in responses of the gecko pigment to these two ions, suggests that Cl – and NO – 3 act at two different sites and produce unique conformational changes in the protein molecule.

scholarly journals Video-Aware Measurement-Based Admission Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
qahhar muhammad qadir ◽  
Alexander A. Kist
Keyword(s):  
Admission Control ◽  
Past History ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Measured Rate ◽  
Admission Decision ◽  
History Of ◽  
Admission Decisions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measurement Period

Using instantaneous aggregate arrival rate as an admission control parameter will contribute to either bandwidth under-utilization or over-utilization. Being bursty in nature and variable in rate, video flows might encode any rate between a range of minimum and maximum values. At the time the decision is made, if the measured rate is at the minimum value, the bandwidth might be over-utilized due to accepting more sessions than the link can accommodate. In contrast, it might be under-utilized if the measured rate is at the maximum value due to rejecting more sessions than the link can accommodate. The burstiness can be taken into account by considering the past history of the traffic. This paper investigates the suitability of the average aggregate arrival rate instead of the instantaneous aggregate arrival rate for video admission decisions. It establishes a mathematical model to predict the relationship between the two rates. Simulation results confirm that the average aggregate arrival rate is a more efficient decision factor for a small number of flows. Although it has no additional advantage for moderate and large number of flows, it still can stabilize the admission decision by smoothing the burstiness of a set of the instantaneous rates (within the measurement period) over a period of time.

Influence of Compound Heat Conductivity on the Temperature Distribution in Rotor Type Curemeters

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
G. K. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Temperature Calibration ◽  
Measured Rate ◽  
Rotor Type

Abstract The effective temperature in rotor type curemeters is — according to DIN 53529 — controlled using an unfilled EPDM compound with dicumylperoxide as cross-linking agent. The rate of DCP decomposition has a well-known temperature dependence. This rate is also in all practical cases the same as the rate of cross-linking. Therefore, the measured rate of cross-linking indicates the effective temperature in the reaction cavity. The rotor in common curemeters is clamped. Because it can not be heated directly, this rotor is a heat sink in the cavity. The effect is a temperature gradient in the cavity depending on the heat conductivity of the tested compound. This temperature gradient in rotor type curemeters is compared to rotorless curemeters. It is shown that using the unfilled EPDM/DCP compound for temperature calibration leads to a too high effective temperature for filled compounds.

Water loss from the developing caryopsis of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lee ◽  
P. T. Atkey
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Unidirectional Flux ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Measured Rate

The measured rate of water loss from a developing wheat grain would accommodate a unidirectional flux of water associated with the translocation stream into and through the caryopsis. The few stomata located within the crease of the grain could potentially contribute to approximately 18% of the measured rate of water loss. The maximum value of the cuticular resistivity of the grain is a relatively low 40 s∙cm−1.

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