Water loss from the developing caryopsis of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lee ◽  
P. T. Atkey
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Unidirectional Flux ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Measured Rate

The measured rate of water loss from a developing wheat grain would accommodate a unidirectional flux of water associated with the translocation stream into and through the caryopsis. The few stomata located within the crease of the grain could potentially contribute to approximately 18% of the measured rate of water loss. The maximum value of the cuticular resistivity of the grain is a relatively low 40 s∙cm−1.

Physiological and morphological responses to water stress in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum genotypes with differing tolerance to drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Molnár ◽  
László Gáspár ◽  
Éva Sárvári ◽  
Sándor Dulai ◽  
Borbála Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The physiological and morphological responses to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or by withholding water were investigated in Aegilops biuncialis Vis. genotypes differing in the annual rainfall of their habitat (1050, 550 and 225 mm year–1) and in Triticum aestivum L. wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance. A decrease in the osmotic pressure of the nutrient solution from –0.027 to –1.8 MPa resulted in significant water loss, a low degree of stomatal closure and a decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in Aegilops genotypes originating from dry habitats, while in wheat genotypes high osmotic stress increased stomatal closure, resulting in a low level of water loss and high Ci. Nevertheless, under saturating light at normal atmospheric CO2 levels, the rate of CO2 assimilation was higher for the Aegilops accessions, under high osmotic stress, than for the wheat genotypes. Moreover, in the wheat genotypes CO2 assimilation exhibited less or no O2 sensitivity. These physiological responses were manifested in changes in the growth rate and biomass production, since Aegilops (Ae550, Ae225) genotypes retained a higher growth rate (especially in the roots), biomass production and yield formation after drought stress than wheat. These results indicate that Aegilops genotypes, originating from a dry habitat have better drought tolerance than wheat, making them good candidates for improving the drought tolerance of wheat through intergeneric crossing.

Evaluation of Registered Herbicides for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Fall

Seven field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to compare efficacy and wheat response to currently registered cheat suppression or control herbicide treatments. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron premix (5:1 w/w) at 26 g ai/ha applied PRE controlled cheat 20 to 61%, increased wheat grain yields at two of seven locations, and decreased dockage due to cheat at five of seven locations. Chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron at 21 g/ha tank-mixed with metribuzin at 210 g/ha, applied early fall POST, controlled cheat 36 to 98% and increased wheat yield at four of seven locations. Metribuzin applied POST in the fall at 420 g/ha controlled cheat 56 to 98% and increased wheat yields at five of seven locations. Both POST treatments decreased dockage at all locations.

Nitrogen Carrier and Surfactant Increase Foliar Herbicide Injury in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Mosad A. El-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
One Year

A three-year field study in west-central Kansas investigated the effects of combinations of spray carrier, nonionic surfactant (NIS), triasulfuron, and/or 2,4-D on winter wheat foliar injury and grain yield. Herbicides applied in water without NIS caused little or no foliar injury in two of three years. Urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 112 L/ha (40 kg N/ha) alone or as a carrier for herbicides caused moderate to severe foliar injury in all three years. Adding NIS to UAN spray solutions increased foliar injury, especially with the tank mixture of triasulfuron + 2,4-D. Effects of triasulfuron + NIS or 2,4-D applied in UAN were additive. Foliar injury was related inversely to temperature following application. Foliar injury was most evident 4 to 7 d after application and disappeared within 2 to 3 wk. Diluting UAN 50% with water lessened foliar injury in two of three years, especially in the presence of NIS, regardless of whether herbicides were in the spray solution. Treatments did not reduce wheat grain yield in any year despite estimates of up to 53% foliar injury one year.

Relationship of excised-leaf water loss and stomatal frequency in wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Leaf Water Loss

Rate of water loss from excised leaves of wheat (Triticum spp.) is associated with adaptation to dry growing conditions, but the causes of observed genotypic differences are not well understood. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between stomatal characteristics and excised-leaf water status in tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat genotypes. Samples were taken from field and growth-room experiments to measure stomatal frequency (SF) and size, leaf water content at excision (WC0) and 30 min after excision (WC30), rate of water loss (RWL) 30-120 min after excision, epidermal conductance (ge), and relative water content (RWC). SF was not correlated with RWL in the field experiments and was negatively correlated with WC0 and WC30 in tetraploids but not in hexaploids. In the growth-room experiment, SF was positively correlated with ge 50 and 30 min after excision for tetraploid and hexaploid genotypes, respectively. SF was correlated with RWL in tetraploids (r = 0.64*, n = 12) and hexaploids (r = 0.81**, n = 12). However, there were no significant correlations between stomatal characteristics and WC0, WC30 or RWC. These results indicate that SF is perhaps one of several factors influencing genotypic differences in excised-leaf water loss. The inconsistency of this relationship may be due to the influence of other traits affecting RWL. Key words: Leaf water loss, stomata, drought, Triticum aestivum L., T. turgidum L. var. durum

scholarly journals Yield, nutrient uptake and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under nitrogen and sulphur nutrition in alluvial soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
VINAY SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Four Levels

A 2-year field experiment was conducted at Panwari village of Agra district (U.P.) during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to different levels of nitrogen and sulphur. Four levels each of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that the application of 120 kg N ha-1 recorded the significantly highest plant height (92.1 cm) and test weight (40.9 g). The highest yields of grain (5.57t ha -1 ) and straw (6.86t ha-1) were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 and the grain and straw yield increments were to the extent of 44.6 and 42.6%, respectively. The sulphur level of 30 kg ha-1 recorded the highest grain (5.13t ha-1) and straw (6.36t ha-1) yield being statistically at par with 20 kg S ha-1 but significantly higher than 10 kg S ha-1. The results indicated the superiority of combined use of N and S in improving the productivity of wheat to compared to application of N alone. The content and yield of protein were also increased with N application and maximum values were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1. There was a significant increase in protein content and yield of wheat grain and maximum values were recorded with 30 kg S ha-1. A phenomenal increase in N, P and S uptake by wheat grain and straw was recorded due to increasing levels of N and S up to 120 kg and 30 kg ha-1, respectively. The available N and S reduced in the control plot in post harvest soil over their initial values. The higher values of available N (222.5 kg ha-1) and S (19.4 kg ha-1) were recorded with 120 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg S ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimating gain by use of a classic selection index under multicollinearity in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Claudio Guilherme Portela de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Coefficient Estimates ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Regression Theory

It was shown that the classic selection index, under multicollinearity, could not give simultaneous gains for wheat grain production and its primary components. This was due to the instability and, consequently, low precision of the coefficient index estimates. A modification of the prediction process of the index was proposed to avoid the adverse effects of multicollinearity, adopting a procedure based on ridge regression theory. The modified classic selection index, or ridge index, gave more statistically viable index coefficient estimates and gains for all of the characters evaluated. However, lower gains for number of grains per spike and grain yield were obtained, when compared to those obtained with selection for grain yield.

scholarly journals Cultivar-specific accumulation of iron, manganese, zinc and copper in winter wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milivojević ◽  
Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević ◽  
Vera Đekić ◽  
Kristina Luković ◽  
Zoran Simić
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Iron Manganese

Herbicides for Winter-hardy Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields

Diclofop at 840 g ai/ha, fenoxaprop at 90 g ai/ha, and imazamethabenz at 530 g ai/ha fall-applied controlled wild oat 96, 99, and 95% and increased wheat grain yields 26, 29, and 24%, respectively. These herbicides controlled wild oat over a wider range of growth stages than current labels indicate. The same treatments applied in March were less effective for wild oat control and did not increase wheat yield.

Roles for blue light, jasmonate and nitric oxide in the regulation of dormancy and germination in wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

Planta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Jacobsen ◽  
Jose M. Barrero ◽  
Trijntje Hughes ◽  
Magdalena Julkowska ◽  
Jennifer M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain
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