scholarly journals Domestic cats (Felis catus) prefer freely available food over food that requires effort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel M. Delgado ◽  
Brandon Sang Gyuc Han ◽  
Melissa J. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Home Environment ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Strong Preference ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Activity Tracker ◽  
Feed Tray

AbstractContrafreeloading is the willingness of animals to work for food when equivalent food is freely available. This behavior is observed in laboratory, domesticated, and captive animals. However, previous research found that six laboratory cats failed to contrafreeload. We hypothesized that cats would contrafreeload in the home environment when given a choice between a food puzzle and a tray of similar size and shape. We also hypothesized that more active cats would be more likely to contrafreeload. We assessed the behavior of 17 neutered, indoor domestic cats (Felis catus) when presented with both a food puzzle and a tray across ten 30-min trials. Each cat wore an activity tracker, and all sessions were video recorded. Cats ate more food from the free feed tray than the puzzle (t (16) = 6.77, p < 0.001). Cats made more first choices to approach and eat from the tray. There was no relationship between activity and contrafreeloading, and there was no effect of sex, age, or previous food puzzle experience on contrafreeloading. Our results suggest that cats do not show strong tendencies to contrafreeload in the home environment, although some cats (N = 4) ate most food offered in the puzzle or showed weak contrafreeloading tendencies (N = 5). Eight cats did not contrafreeload. Cats who consumed more food from the puzzle, consumed more food in general, suggesting a relationship between hunger and effort. Further research is required to understand why domestic cats, unlike other tested species, do not show a strong preference to work for food.

Optimum Feed Tray in Multicomponent Distillation Calculations

1948 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Scheibel ◽  
Charles F. Montross
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Distillation ◽  
Feed Tray

scholarly journals PENGARUH RANSUM YANG MENGANDUNG LIMBAH TAUGE FERMENTASI TERHADAP KECERNAAN SERAT KASAR, PROTEIN KASAR DAN ENERGI METABOLIS PADA ITIK LOKAL FASE STARTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Galuh Arum Pangestu ◽  
R.I. Pujaningsih ◽  
I. Mangisah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Bean Sprout ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Feed Tray ◽  
Bean Sprouts

This research aimed to reviewing level of bean sprout fermented used in duck diet against crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy of diet. The research was proccessed using Complete Random Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The parameters observed were crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy. The research material used was 48 male ducks with starter phase, treatment diet, flock cage, battery cage, feed tray, water tube, HCl, plasctic tray, scales, hygrometer, a set of proximate and gross energy analysis equipment.  The research method consits two stages, the first stage was fermented of bean sprouts using 6% of Trichoderma harzianum for six days. The second phase was in vivo method with addition of bean sprout fermented in diet respectively T0 0%, T1 5%, T2 10% and T3 15%. The result data was tested by F test based on analysis of varians and if there was significant effect of treatment (P<0.05) followed by the test of least significance defferent (LSD). The result of effect of diet containing bean sprouts fermented were no affected (P>0.05) the crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy for starter phase of local ducks. Keywords : Bean Sprouts, Digestibility, Duck, Fermentation, Tricodherma harzianum.

scholarly journals Profil dan Keragaman Ayam Kub yang Dipelihara Oleh RTM Peternak dalam Program Bekerja di Kabupaten Indramayu

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Ganjar Hadiyanto Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Program Diversity ◽  
Feed Tray ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of KUB chickens raised by farmer households in Indramayu Regency in the implementation of the 2019 BEKERJA program. The BEKERJA program is carried out in 8.189 farmer households by providing 50 DOC, chicken feed during 5 weeks, maintenance support facilities include feed tray, drinking bottles, brooder cages, cables, lights, and cage subsidy for 4 weeks chickens. The parameters observed were the number of chicken mortality, age of first egg laying and the number of egg production for the first time. The observations showed that the mortality of KUB chickens increased at 3 months of raised, which was caused by the sale and slaughter of chickens and the mortality of chickens due to improper raise management. Hens that lay eggs early in the District of Anjatan and District of Bongas 7.066 and 1.041, respectively. The results of the study showed that there was diversity at the beginning of egg-laying chicken due to improper feeding management, but KUB chicken had the potential to be developed as an egg and meat producer in Indramayu Regency. Keywords: BEKERJA Program; Diversity at the beginning of egg-laying chicken; KUB chicken   Abstrak Kajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman ayam KUB yang dipelihara oleh RTM di Kabupaten Indramayu dalam pelaksanaan program BEKERJA tahun 2019. Program BEKERJA melibatkan 8.189 RTM dengan memberikan bantuan 50 ekor DOC ayam KUB, pakan selama 5 minggu pemeliharaan, bantuan sarana prasarana pemeliharaan meliputi tray  tempat pakan, botol tempat minum, kandang brooder, kabel, lampu, dan bantuan subsidi kandang untuk ayam umur 4 minggu. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kematian ayam, umur bertelur pertama kali dan produksi telur pertama kali. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kematian ayam KUB meningkat pada 3 bulan usia pemeliharaan, yang disebabkan oleh penjualan dan pemotongan ayam serta kematian akibat manajemen pemeliharaan yang kurang tepat. Jumlah produksi telur pertama kali di Kecamatan Anjatan dan Kecamatan Bongas masing-masing sebesar 7.066 butir dan 1.041 butir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya keragaman pada awal bertelur ayam yang diakibatkan oleh manajemen pemberian pakan yang tidak tepat, namun ayam KUB berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai penghasil telur dan daging di kabupaten Indramayu Kata kunci : Ayam KUB; Keragaman awal bertelur; Program BEKERJA

Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Distillation Column for Esterification of Acetic Acid with Methanol

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Chandrakar ◽  
Vijay K. Agarwal ◽  
Shri Chand ◽  
Kailas L. Wasewar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Distillation Column ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Reflux Ratio ◽  
Catalytic Distillation ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Feed Tray

The present investigation pertains to a theoretical study of simulation of a multicomponent catalytic distillation column. Basically it deals with the development of a mathematical model for esterification of acetic acid with methanol by using a packed column with two different feed setups: a single feed column and a two feed column. The reaction kinetics has been assumed to be heterogeneous. It also includes the solution technique for the solution of the model. An in-house code in C++ has been developed to solve the model equations. Further, the comparison of the model has been done with available experimental data. Finally the effect of design variables namely- reflux ratio, feed tray location, and start of reactive section have been studied.

Sensitivity analysis and optimization of the utility consumption of natural gas liquids (NGLs) process in the Siri Island Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufar Kharaghani ◽  
Marzyeh Lotfi ◽  
Mani Safamirzaei ◽  
Niloufar Fatourehchi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Feed Stream ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Feed Tray ◽  
Propane Butane

AbstractIn this study, the simulation of the natural gas liquids (NGLs) of Siri Island unit was carried out using Aspen Hysys software. Energy and economic evaluation of these towers were evaluated with Aspen Energy Analyses and Aspen Economic Evaluation, respectively. The effect of various parameters such as the use of heat exchanger instead of a cooler, feed tray changes and the mixing of two feed streams together were investigated to increase the efficiency of hydrocarbons - (Ethane, Propane, Butane, and Pentane) separation, utility consumption and costs. The simulation results showed that the input feed stream from the 10-tray using - mixing of two input 207 and 208 streams, which improves the efficiency of hydrocarbons gas separation and utility consumption compared to other parameters.

paper-feed tray

2000 ◽  
pp. 1223-1223
Author(s):  
Martin H. Weik
Keyword(s):  
Feed Tray
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