Effect of rice straw mulching on migration and transportation of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in surface runoff under simulated rainfall

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2021-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xiu Rao ◽  
Dao-You Huang ◽  
Han-Hua Zhu ◽  
Qi-Hong Zhu ◽  
Ji-Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Straw Mulching

Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misagh Parhizkar ◽  
Mahmood Shabanpour ◽  
Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽  
Demetrio Antonio Zema ◽  
Siyue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Runoff And Soil Loss

scholarly journals Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Cultivation the Fresh Faba Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxu Shi ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Yafeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge tillage is an effective agronomic practice and a miniature precision agriculture; however, its effects on the growth of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of ridge tillage and straw mulching on the root growth, nutrient accumulation and yield of faba beans. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons and comprised four treatments: ridge tillage without any mulching (RT), flat tillage without any mulch (FT), flat tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (FTRSM) and ridge tillage with rice straw mulched on the ridge tillage (RTRSM). The RT and RTRSM increased soil temperature and decreased soil humidity and improved soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. RT and RTRSM increased the root length density, root surface area, root diameter and root activity of faba beans at flowering and harvest periods. The RT and RTRSM also increased the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption and the yield of faba beans. These results indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching affect faba bean growth by improving soil moisture conditions and providing good air permeability and effective soil nutrition supply. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high yield cultivation improvement of faba beans.

Transport of herbicides and nutrients in surface runoff from corn cropland in southern Ontario

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Bowman ◽  
G. J. Wall ◽  
D. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Surface Transport ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Runoff Losses ◽  
Water Quality Objectives

The risk of surface-water contamination by herbicides is greatest following application to cropland when the active ingredients are at the maximum concentration and the soil is the most vulnerable to erosion following cultivation. This study determined the magnitude of surface runoff losses of herbicide and nutrients at, and subsequent to, application. The first of three weekly 10-min, 2.6-cm rainfalls were simulated on triplicated 1-m plots (a set) on which corn had been planted and the herbicide (metolachlor/atrazine, 1.5:1.0) and fertilizer (28% N at 123 kg ha−1) had just been applied. Identical simulations were applied to two other adjacent plot sets (protected from rainfall) 1 and 2 wk following herbicide application. Runoff (natural, simulated) was monitored for soil, nutrient and herbicide losses. Concentrations of total phosphorus in surface runoff water and nitrate N in field-filtered samples were not significantly influenced by the time of the rainfall simulation but exceeded provincial water-quality objectives. Atrazine and metolachlor runoff losses were greatest from simulated rainfall (about 5% loss) immediately following application. Subsequent simulated rainfall usually resulted in < 1% herbicide runoff losses. Herbicide concentrations in all plot runoff samples exceeded provincial drinking-water quality objectives. Since herbicide surface transport is primarily in the solution phase (not via association with soil particles), water-management conservation technologies are the key to retaining these chemicals on cropland. Key words: Herbicide, runoff, rainfall simulation, partitioning, water quality

scholarly journals   Annual dynamics of N2O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Q. Fu ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
W.J. Su ◽  
J.L. Shen ◽  
R.L. Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Inverse Pattern ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Tea Field

The annual dynamics of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from a tea field in southern subtropical China was observed in situ weekly in 2010 using a static closed chamber &ndash; gas chromatography (GC) method for three treatments: non-fertilised (CK), conventional (CON) and rice straw mulching (SM). The annual N<sub>2</sub>O emissions for CK, CON and SM were 7.1, 17.2 and 16.7 kg N/ha/year, respectively. The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors for the CON and SM treatments were estimated as 2.23% and 1.91% of the total fertiliser N applied, respectively. Rice straw mulching exhibited a potential to reduce the N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from the tea field, but not statistically significant (P = 0.82). The daily N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were positively correlated with the air temperature. The cumulative precipitation of the previous five days was significantly correlated with the daily N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes of CON. The soil water contents were significantly correlated with the daily N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in the three treatments. The N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from CON had a more significant correlation with the soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N contents than with the soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>-N contents, while the N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from SM showed an inverse pattern. The N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from CK did not show any significant relationship with the soil mineral N content. &nbsp;

The use of simulated rainfall to study the discharge process and the influence factors of urban surface runoff pollution loads

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qinqin ◽  
Chen Qiao ◽  
Deng Jiancai ◽  
Hu Weiping
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Urban Surface ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Surface Dust ◽  
Pollution Loads ◽  
Runoff Pollution

An understanding of the characteristics of pollutants on impervious surfaces is essential to estimate pollution loads and to design methods to minimize the impacts of pollutants on the environment. In this study, simulated rainfall equipment was constructed to investigate the pollutant discharge process and the influence factors of urban surface runoff (USR). The results indicated that concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) appeared to be higher in the early period and then decreased gradually with rainfall duration until finally stabilized. The capacity and particle size of surface dust, rainfall intensity and urban surface slopes affected runoff pollution loads to a variable extent. The loads of TP, TN and COD showed a positive relationship with the surface dust capacity, whereas the maximum TSS load appeared when the surface dust was 0.0317 g·cm−2. Smaller particle sizes (&lt;0.125 mm) of surface dust generated high TN, TP and COD loads. Increases in rainfall intensity and surface slope enhanced the pollution carrying capacity of runoff, leading to higher pollution loads. Knowledge of the influence factors could assist in the management of USR pollution loads.

scholarly journals Weed Management by Rice Straw Mulching in Direct Seeded Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAUD Devasinghe ◽  
KP Premarathne ◽  
UR Sangakkara
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Direct Seeded
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