Species richness in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. DON) plantations in southeastern Kyushu, Japan: the effects of stand type and age on understory trees and shrubs

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ito ◽  
Masakatsu Nakagawa ◽  
G. Peter Buckley ◽  
Kangoro Nogami
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Stand Type ◽  
Understory Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

scholarly journals Artificial Perches for Birds in Deforested Areas Favour a Seed Rain Similar to Woodland Remnants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Yamile Guidetti ◽  
Sebastian Dardanelli ◽  
Fátima María Lourdes Miño ◽  
Guillermo César Amico
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract The lack of seeds represents one of the highest difficulties to overcome for the ecological restoration of areas that have been deforested. This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial perches in increasing the abundance and species richness of bird-dispersed seeds and the similitude of seed rain composition (origin and habit of plant seeds), of deforested areas with and without artificial perches in relation to woodland remnants that serve as seeds source. The experiment took place in two sites of the Espinal ecoregion, Argentina. We found that in deforested areas, perches increased seed abundance and species richness in the seed rain in comparison with deforested areas without artificial perches. The species composition under artificial perches was similar to the seed rain dispersed in the woodland. However, a decrease in the richness of native species was significant in the deforested area, probably due to behavioral differences between opportunistic and obligate frugivorous. Seed of trees and shrubs species were well represented in the seed rain under artificial perches. Results from this study contribute to the understanding of nucleation and recovery mechanisms used by nature that reflect ecosystem resilience. We recommend using artificial perches in deforested areas with potential for recovery because it is an efficient technique to promote the entry of birds and increase seed rain, preserving features of the original environment. However, using artificial perches should be avoided in sites with potentially invasive non-native species.

Species Richness of Eriophyid Mites on Finnish Trees and Shrubs

2007 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Niemelä ◽  
Heikki Roininen ◽  
Henri Vanhanen ◽  
Timo O. Veteli
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Eriophyid Mites ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

scholarly journals Relationships of macrophyte species richness and environment in different water body types in the Central European region

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Bubíková ◽  
Richard Hrivnák
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
European Region ◽  
Central European ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Individual types of waterbodies are characterised by their specific environmental conditions controlling growth of aquatic macrophytes. We focused on effects of environmental factors on macrophyte species richness in canals, ponds, rivers and streams within Central European region. We employed generalised linear models (GLM) to assess separately overall macrophyte species data and data on wetland species (true aquatic plants and helophytes). No significant difference was revealed by comparing species richness among water body types, though canals were the richest water bodies and streams supported the lowest diversity of macrophytes. The models for all the waterbodies, except streams, contained at least two variables and the explained variability ranged from 37% to 77%. The most recurring variables were the coverage of fine substrate, turbidity, shading by bank and shore trees and shrubs, and altitude. Nevertheless, no obvious pattern of factors was observed for particular water body types. Our study confirmed that aquatic macrophyte species richness is shaped by a complexity of factors and necessity of targeting survey and further generalisation of results not only on one specific water body.

scholarly journals Microclimate determines community composition but not richness of epiphytic understory bryophytes of rainforest and cacao agroforests in Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goda Sporn ◽  
Merijn M. Bos ◽  
Monika Hoffstätter-Müncheberg ◽  
Michael Kessler ◽  
S. Robbert Gradstein
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Forest Flora ◽  
Understory Trees

Management intensification in cultivated, tropical forests drives changes in the microclimate that can threaten native forest flora and fauna. In this study, we use epiphytic bryophytes, known to be sensitive to microclimatic changes due to their lack of a protective cuticle and the exposed habitat, to investigate the predictive power of microclimate for changes in species richness and composition. Bryophytes were sampled from understory trees in natural forest and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trees in two types of cacao agroforests (natural shade trees and planted shade trees) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The microclimate in the agroforests was characterised by low air humidity and high air temperature during the afternoon. Bryophyte species richness did not differ between habitat types but species composition changed markedly from the natural forest to the cacao agroforests. Although no correlation between species richness and microclimate values could be found, a series of matrix-based analyses revealed a significantly positive relationship between similarities in species composition and in maximum values for temperature and minimum values for humidity, which suggests that microclimatic changes are a good predictor for high turnover of bryophyte community composition from natural forests to cacao agroforests.

scholarly journals Data on the fauna of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) of trees and shrubs in Kaliningrad Region, Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.И. Рожина
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

По результатам исследования представлены данные о видах трипсов (Thysanoptera), собранных с деревьев и кустарников в Калининградской области в 2013 2018 гг. Всего собрано 33 вида трипсов, из них 15 видов указаны впервые для Калининградской области (Aeolothripsericae, Ae. versicolor, Ae. melaleucus, Mycterothrips latus, Neohydаthrips gracilicornis, Oxythrips ajugae, Ox. bicolor, Taeniothrips inconsequens, Thrips calcaratus, Th. minutissimus, Th. sambuci, Haplothrips subtilissimus, Hoploandrothrips bidens, Treherniella inferna, Xylaplothrips fuliginosus). Большинство выявленных видов антофаги (42), дендробионтные филлофаги составляют 24. Собственно дендробионтных видов выявлено 13, что составляет 39 от общего числа видов. На цветущих растениях самым распространенным видом оказался Th. major. Этот вид выявлен в 65 образцах, на растениях из девяти семейств. Вторым по встречаемости оказался Th. fuscipennis он выявлен в 15 образцах из семи семейств. Весной и в начале лета на вегетирующих нецветущих растениях самым распространённым и многочисленным видом трипсов является Th. minutissimus он выявлен на растениях из шести семейств. Наибольшим видовым богатством трипсов отличаются представители семейств Rosaceae и Adoxaceae. The study presents data on the species of thrips (Thysanoptera) collected from trees and bushes in the Kaliningrad region in 2013 2018. Thirtythree species of thrips were collected. Fifteen species are recorded for the first time in the Kaliningrad region: Aeolothrips ericae, Ae. versicolor, Ae. melaleucus, Mycterothrips latus, Neohydаthrips gracilicornis, Oxythrips ajugae, Ox. bicolor, Taeniothrips inconsequens, Thrips calcaratus, Th. minutissimus, Th. sambuci, Haplothrips subtilissimus, Hoploandrothrips bidens, Treherniella inferna, Xylaplothrips fuliginosus. Most of the identified species are phytophagous (79). Alltogether, 13 species (39) of identified thrips are dendrobiont. The dendrobiont phyllophagous species comprised 24 of all species collected. The most common species on flowering plants was Th. major. This species was found on plants of 9 families. Thrips fuscipennis was the second most frequent species, it was found on plants from 7 families. In spring and early summer, the most common and numerous species on vegetating nonflowering plants is Th. minutissimus: it was identified on plants from 6 families. Representatives of Rosaceae and Adoxaceae families are remarkable in thrips species richness.

scholarly journals Collembolan community in broad-leaved forests and in conifer stands of Cryptomeria japonica in Central Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Hasegawa ◽  
Kenji Fukuyama ◽  
Shun'ichi Makino ◽  
Isamu Okochi ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Collembolan Community

Collembolan communities in conifer plantations (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica) and secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests of varying ages were investigated to determine the extent to which forest conversion (broad-leaved to coniferous) affects the species richness and assemblage composition of Collembola in central Japan. Density and total species richness of Collembola not differed between the broad-leaved and cedar forests except immediately after clear-cutting. The amount of forest-floor organic matter was larger in cedar forests and positively correlated with the species richness of detritus feeders. Species richness of fungal feeders and sucking feeders positively correlated with the species richness of forest-floor plants. There was difference in collembolan species composition between the forest types. The age of the forests seemed to have only small importance for the collembolan community, except during the first four years after clear-cutting. The conversion to artificial cedar stands has not reduced the abundance or species richness of collembolan communities, but has affected community composition. Differences in species composition may be related to the ground floras.

scholarly journals Changes in the structure and floristic composition of the limestone grasslands after cutting trees and shrubs and mowing

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bąba
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Calcareous Grasslands ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
Shrub Patches ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

<p>The calcareous grasslands belong to the species-rich plant communities in Poland. Most of them are of anthropogenic origin and they need specific management (i.e. periodical cutting suckers of trees and shrubs, grazing or mowing) in order to protect their floristic diversity. Many of calcareous grasslands have been overgrown by shrubs as a result of cessation of traditional management. The aim of this study was to compare the structure and dynamics of xerothermic hazel shrub patches, which were undergoing secondary succession with patches where different management practices aiming at restoration of species-rich limestone grassland were applied. The managed plots had a significantly higher species richness than the control one. However, they strongly differed in their floristic composition from well-preserved limestone grasslands. There were also significant differences observed between both the managed plots. Too intensive management, particularly frequent mowing of herbs resulted in expansion of grass species such as <em>Brachypodium pinnatum</em> and <em>Calamagrostis arundinacea</em> and caused a sharp decline in species richness.</p><p>The species composition and turnover rate strongly depended on succesional stage (soil layer thickness) of plots at the start of the experiment. The deeper was the soil, the higher was the rate of species turnover and the smaller was the share of xerothermic and thermophilous species. The last mentioned group was dominated by species with a persistent seed bank in the soil, frequently colonizing anthropogenic habitats.</p>

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