Genetic relationships in the natural population of Pholiota nameko from Japan based on DNA polymorphisms

Mycoscience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Obatake ◽  
Teruyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Kimito Mimura ◽  
Yukitaka Fukumasa-Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Pholiota Nameko

scholarly journals Genetic structure of a natural population of Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quél.

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Todd ◽  
A. D. M. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Coriolus Versicolor ◽  
White Rot

SUMMARYExperiments were carried out to investigate genetic relationships within a population of Coriolus versicolor (a polyporaceous basidiomyceto causing white rot of wood) present in a birch stump. The population consisted of individual dikaryons occupying longitudinally continuous columns of decay separated from one another by narrow, dark, relatively undecayed interaction zones. These dikaryons were shown to be genetically homogeneous throughout their respective decay columns by dedikaryotization procedures. They were mutually antagonistic when paired in culture, but monokaryons derived from their fruit-bodies were interfertile. Experiments using synthesized dikaryons indicated that antagonism is inevitable between genetically distinct mycelia, but that the intensity of interaction diminishes with increased relatedness. Results of pairings between synthesized dikaryons and monokaryons varied according to the relatedness of the isolates. Antagonism invariably occurred when the monokaryon contained a nucleus differing from both nuclei in the dikaryon, but this did not necessarily prevent dikaryotization. Often in this situation dikaryotized sectors developed in the monokaryon visibly separated by zones of antagonism (‘tracks’). Where the monokaryon contained the same nucleus as one of the components of the dikaryon, antagonism usually occurred initially, but normally the colonies eventually fused.

scholarly journals GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NATIVE SHEEP BREEDS IN NIGERIA BASED ON MICROSATELLITE DNA POLYMORPHISMS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. ADEBAMBO ◽  
J. I. WILLAMS ◽  
S. BLOTT ◽  
B. URQUHART
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Genetic relationship among Nigeria's breeds of sheeps and crosses was studied using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. DNA samples extracted from four Nigeria's breeds of sheeps (West African Dwarf,the balami, Uda and yankassa) and crosses were analysed using 30 microsatellite markers for diversity studies. Twenty of the makers were by the sheeps genome . Nineteen of the loci were polymorphic and were used to calculate genetic distances (Ds) between the based on allelefrequences of microsatellite. The phylogenetic relatioship between the breeds were similarly estimated. With the total number of loci studied, 285 alleles were generated and a high decree of heterozysity was recorded, (0.57 to 0.72), a relative high degree of relaibility could be placed on the tree topology with the relationship between breeds potraying a closer relationship between the yankassa and Uda (Ds 0.356). The genetic distance (Ds) was 0.432, 0.534 and 0.665 between the African Dwarf and the Yankassa, Uda and Balami respectively also indictating a closer relatioship between the Yankassa, and the WAD compared to the basically Northern breeds (Uda and Balami). This further confirms the evolutionary divergence of the breeds which makes them distint entitles. The data suggests that microsatellite DNA markers are useful tools for studying the genetic relationship among these sheeps breeds. The high polymorphic alleles could thus be exploited in breeds improvement and development.

Genetic relationships between Native Sheep breeds in Nigeria based on microsatellite DNA polymorphisms

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebambo Olufunmilayo ◽  
J.L. Williams ◽  
Sara Blott ◽  
B. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
West African ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Breed Improvement ◽  
High Degree

SummaryThe genetic relationship among Nigeria's breeds of sheep and their crosses was studied using microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. DNA samples extracted from four Nigeria's breeds of sheep (West African Dwarf, the Balami, Uda and Yankassa) and their crosses were analysed using 30 Bovine microsatellite markers for diversity studies. Twenty of the markers were amplified by the sheep genome. Nineteen of the loci were polymorphic and were used to calculate genetic distances (Ds) between the breeds based on allele frequencies of the microsatellite. The phylogenetic relationships between the breeds were similarly estimated.With the total number of loci studied, 285 alleles were generated and a high degree of heterozygosity was recorded (0.57 to 0.72). A relatively high degree of reliability could be placed on the tree topology with the relationship between breeds displaying a closer relationship between the Yankassa and Uda (Ds 0.356). The genetic distance was 0.432, 0.534 and 0.665 between the West African Dwarf (WAD) and the Yankassa, Uda and Balami respectively which also indicated a closer relationship between the Yankassa and the WAD compared to the essentially Northern breeds (Uda and Balami). This further confirms the evolutionary divergence of the breeds which makes them distinct entities.The data suggests that microsatellite DNA markers are very useful tools for studying the genetic relationships among these sheep breeds. The highly polymorphic alleles could similarly be exploited in breed improvement and development.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus Isolated from Thoroughbred Horses Using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Seong-Kyoon Choi ◽  
Chul-Song Park ◽  
Gil-Jae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Multi Locus Sequence Typing ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Distinct Allele ◽  
Molecular Typing Method ◽  
Sequence Profiles

Background:Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) is a new global molecular typing method used for analyzing the DNA polymorphisms in bacteria. In this study, using MLST, we analyzed the sequence profiles ofStreptococcus (S.) zooepidemicusisolates from the Jeju and Jangsu provinces in South Korea.Objective:This study characterized the molecular epidemiology ofS. zooepidemicusinfection in Thoroughbred horses using MLST with an aim to control and prevent bacterial endometritis in mares.Methods:A total of 79S. zooepidemicusisolates were included in this study. Sequencing of the 7 loci for the MLST analysis was performed as described in the MLST website manual (http://pubmlst.org/szooepidemicus/) with some modifications. For each locus, every unique sequence was assigned a distinct allele number, and each Sequence Type (ST) was defined by a series of 7 integers (the allelic profile) corresponding to the alleles at the 7 loci (arcC,nrdE,proS,spi,tdk,tpi, andyqiL)using the MLST module in the Main Workbench.Results:Among the 79 isolates, 73 different MLST patterns were identified, each corresponding to 1-3 strains. The genetic relationships between the 79 isolates are presented in a dendrogram, and they diverged by up to 11% homology. At 11% homology, three MLST groups, M1, M2, and M3, were identified, and at 26% homology, five subgroups, L1-L5, were observed.We observed various MLST patterns in the strains isolated from Jeju and Jangsu. In addition, by estimating the epidemiological relationships among the strains isolated from Jangsu in 2007 and Jeju in 2009, which had similar MLST patterns, we determined that some strains from Jangsu may have been transported to Jeju.Conclusion:MLST can be used as a framework for determining the epidemiological relationships that form the genetic basis of host and infection site selection.

scholarly journals Progress in the Characterization of Cold-hardy Grapes using Simple Sequence Repeat DNAs (SSRs)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 783C-783
Author(s):  
Warren Lamboy ◽  
Christopher Alpha ◽  
Amy Szewc-McFadden ◽  
Sharon Bleik
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
Simple Sequence

The cold-hardy Vitis (grape) collection at the USDA/ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit in Geneva, N.Y., comprises ≈1300 accessions. While much of the collection has been evaluated for morphological and viticultural traits, little of it has been well-characterized genetically. Lack of genetic information hampers the identification of accessions, the determination of genetic relationships among them, the evaluation of potential new accessions, and the construction of a core subset of the collection. Because simple sequence repeat DNA polymorphisms (SSRs or microsatellites) have already been proven to be useful genetic markers in Vitis vinifera (non-cold-hardy wine, raisin, and table grapes), our research focuses on the use of the markers both for the identification (“fingerprinting”) of species, hybrids, subspecies, cultivars (varieties), and accessions of cold-hardy Vitis, and for the determination of genetic relationships between these taxa. Our latest research results in this area will be presented.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae) species using Touch-down Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (Td-DAMD) molecular markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Basel Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Marker Index ◽  
Minisatellite Dna

Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae) a Mediterranean species has an important role in various pharmacological applications. To reveal genetic relationships among S. tomentosa natural populations, 35 samples were collected from different regions of Syria. Touch-down Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (Td-DAMD) markers have been investigated for this goal. Td-DAMD assay produced 158 total bands of which 131 (82.911%) were polymorphic with a mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.264 and a mean marker index (MI) value of 2.269. Clustering profile based on TdDAMD data showed that samples were grouped into two main clusters; the first cluster included Lattakia samples which split into two subclusters regardless their altitudes over the sea level. Whereas, the second cluster included Tartous and Hama samples. Td-DAMD assay successfully discriminate among the tested 35 samples belonged to the S. tomentosa natural population.

scholarly journals DNA Amplification Fingerprinting Identifies Closely Related Chrysanthemum Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Scott ◽  
G. Caetano-Anollés ◽  
R.N. Trigiano
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Bulked Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) was used to study genetic relationships between closely related chrysanthemum cultivars (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). Twenty-one cultivars were examined that belonged to the Anne, Blush, Boaldi, Charm, Davis, and Pomona series (families). The genetic variability of cultivars within and between series was evaluated using eleven arbitrary octamer primers. A few polymorphic characters uniquely identified closely related cultivars within each of the series. In contrast, many DNA polymorphisms were observed between members of the different series. Phenetic patterns were established by unweighted pair group cluster analysis using arithmetic means (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCO). The average distance between series was 10-fold greater than between cultivars within a series. DNA from all cultivars belonging to a series were also bulked to generate profiles containing unique amplified products for each series. Cluster analysis and PCO of bulked DNA clearly grouped Charm and Pomona together. However, series grouping did not correspond to morphology of inflorescence types. The results demonstrate the utility of the DAF technique in distinguishing clonal materials and its potential use for patent protection, phylogenetic studies, and for identifying useful markers in breeding applications.

scholarly journals Karyological Analysis and DNA Barcoding of Pompia Citron: A First Step toward the Identification of Its Relatives

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Viglietti ◽  
Giulio Galla ◽  
Andrea Porceddu ◽  
Gianni Barcaccia ◽  
Franck Curk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Chloroplast Markers

Pompia is a citrus fruit endemic of Sardinia, Italy, with an essential oil profile showing outstanding anti-inflammatory and anti-microbic properties. Despite its remarkable pharmaceutical potential, little taxonomic and genetic information is available for this species. We applied flow cytometry and classical cytogenetic techniques to assess the DNA content and to reconstruct the karyotype of several Pompia accessions. Molecular data from plastid DNA barcoding and nuclear DNA sequencing were used to study the genetic distance between Pompia and other citrus species. Flow cytometric estimates of DNA content and somatic chromosome counts suggest that Pompia is a regular diploid Citrus species. DNA polymorphisms of nuclear and chloroplast markers allowed us to investigate the genetic relationships between Pompia accessions and other Citrus species. Based on DNA polymorphism data we propose that Pompia is a very recent interspecific hybrid generated by a cross between C. aurantium (as seed bearer) and C. medica (as pollen donor). Our findings pave the way for further and more specific investigations of local Pompia germplasm resources that may help the preservation and valorisation of this valuable citrus fruit tree.

Genomic tools for the analysis of genetic diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antoni Rafalski
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Crop Species

We now understand that many different types of DNA structural polymorphisms contribute to functional diversity of plant genomes, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions of retrotransposons and DNA transposons, including Helitrons carrying pseudogenes, and other types of insertion–deletion polymorphisms, many of which may contribute to the phenotype by affecting gene expression through a variety of mechanisms including those involving non-coding RNAs. These polymorphisms can now be probed with tools such as array comparative genomic hybridization and, most comprehensively, genomic sequencing. Rapid developments in next generation sequencing will soon make genomic sequencing of germplasm collections a reality. This will help eliminate an important difficulty in the estimation of genetic relationships between accessions caused by ascertainment bias. Also, it has now become obvious that epigenetic differences, such as cytosine methylation, also contribute to the heritable phenotype, although detailed understanding of their transgenerational stability in crop species is lacking. The degree of linkage disequilibrium of epialleles with DNA sequence polymorphisms has important implications to the analysis of genetic diversity. Epigenetic marks in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) with DNA polymorphisms do not add additional diversity information. However, epialleles in partial or low LD with DNA sequence alleles constitute another layer of genetic information that should not be neglected in germplasm analysis, especially if they exhibit transgenerational stability.

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