Life cycle and nuclear behavior in three rust fungi (Uredinales)

Mycoscience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Ono
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Qi Tao ◽  
Bin Cao ◽  
Emmanuelle Morin ◽  
Ying-Mei Liang ◽  
Sébastien Duplessis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomics ◽  
Genetic Program ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
General Role ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Abstract Background Gymnosporangium spp. are fungal plant pathogens causing rust disease and most of them are known to infect two different host plants (heteroecious) with four spore stages (demicyclic). In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptome of G. japonicum teliospores on its host plant Juniperus chinensis and we performed comparison to the transcriptomes of G. yamadae and G. asiaticum at the same life stage, that happens in the same host but on different organs. Results Functional annotation for the three Gymnosporangium species showed the expression of a conserved genetic program with the top abundant cellular categories corresponding to energy, translation and signal transduction processes, indicating that this life stage is particularly active. Moreover, the survey of predicted secretomes in the three Gymnosporangium transcriptomes revealed shared and specific genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes and secreted proteins of unknown function that could represent candidate pathogenesis effectors. A transcript encoding a hemicellulase of the glycoside hydrolase 26 family, previously identified in other rust fungi, was particularly highly expressed suggesting a general role in rust fungi. The comparison between the transcriptomes of the three Gymnosporangium spp. and selected Pucciniales species in different taxonomical families allowed to identify lineage-specific protein families that may relate to the biology of teliospores in rust fungi. Among clustered gene families, 205, 200 and 152 proteins were specifically identified in G. japonicum, G. yamadae and G. asiaticum, respectively, including candidate effectors expressed in teliospores. Conclusions This comprehensive comparative transcriptomics study of three Gymnosporangium spp. identified gene functions and metabolic pathways particularly expressed in teliospores, a stage of the life cycle that is mostly overlooked in rust fungi. Secreted protein encoding transcripts expressed in teliospores may reveal new candidate effectors related to pathogenesis. Although this spore stage is not involved in host plant infection but in the production of basidiospores infecting plants in the Amygdaloideae, we speculate that candidate effectors may be expressed as early as the teliospore stage for preparing further infection by basidiospores.

NUCLEAR PHENOMENA IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM (LEYSS. EX FR.) KARST.

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

Nuclear behavior in the life cycle of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a common polypore in West Bengal, India, has been studied. Each young basidium is binucleate and the nuclei soon fuse to form a syncaryon which undergoes three successive divisions, of which the first is reductional, to produce eight daughter nuclei. Four nuclei pass into the four spores, one into each, and the other four, remaining within the basidium, finally degenerate. Thus at first each basidiospore contains one nucleus which may or may not divide further. On germination, the spores give rise to primary mycelia with uninucleate or multinucleate cells. Secondary mycelia, formed by the union of two compatible primary mycelia, have nodose-septate hyphae in which most of the cells are dikaryotic although cells with more than two nuclei are not uncommon.The chromosome number, counted from metaphasic plates, has been found to be 10 = 2n.

Notes on rust fungi in China 8. Pucciniastrum tiliae life cycle and new host plants inferred from phylogenetic evidence

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499
Author(s):  
Jing-Xin Ji ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Makoto Kakishima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Time

The life cycle connection between spermogonial and aecial stages of a rust fungus found on Abies holophylla and uredinial and telial stages on Tilia mongolica and T. mandshurica collected in northeast China were confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. The rust, identified as Pucciniastrum tiliae, was confirmed by morphological observations. The life cycle of this rust fungus is reported for the first time in China, and A. holophylla and T. mongolica represent new host plants for the species.

Nuclear behavior and clarification of the spore stages of Uromyces koae

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Meiotic Division ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Diploid Nucleus ◽  
Spore Type ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Nuclear Behavior ◽  
Germ Tubes

Recent observations showed that Uromyces koae Arthur in Stevens teliospores did not produce typical basidia or basidio-spores. The present study reveals that teliospores produced long germ tubes that are differentiated into wide proximal and narrow distal portions separated by a vesiclelike swelling. One or two extensive branches, each morphologically resembling the main tube, developed from individual germ tube cells. Nuclear staining revealed a single, presumably diploid nucleus in mature teliospores. One or more probable mitotic divisions in the main germ tube provided a diploid nucleus for each branch and for the main tube itself. Meiotic division of each nucleus produced a series of four smaller nuclei in the narrow portion of each branch and the main tube. The germ tubes may be modified basidia and serve as infectious hyphae in place of basidiospores.A formerly undescribed spore type associated with the teliospores is recognized as uredinial. This investigation shows that the life cycle of U. koae probably consists of four distinct stages, each on Acacia koa: the spermatial associated with the aecial on hypertrophied shoots, and the uredinial and telial together in discrete leaf pustules.

scholarly journals Life cycle and genetic diversity of willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak ◽  
Małgorzata Jędryczka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Short Rotation

The paper is a review of classical and recent studies on willow rusts in Europe, with special reference to short rotation coppice willows used for biomass production, such as common osier willow (<i>Salix viminalis</i> L.). The review presents the taxonomic classification of rust fungi from the genus <i>Melampsora</i> spp. We present a list of telial hosts (genus <i>Salix</i>) as well as aecial hosts for different rust species. The life cycle of this fungal pathogen is described in detail from the epidemiological and genetic point of view. The DNA polymorphism of <i>M. lariciepitea</i>, the rust species most responsible for severe yield losses of plant biomass, is characterised based on RAPD, AFLP and RFLP-PCR methods.

A CYTOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASCOCYBE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Nuclear Behavior

The nuclear behavior in the life cycle of Ascocybe grovesii is described. The chromosome number is given as six from counts made of chromosomes in the meiotic divisions in the asci. The ascophores are described as diploid, and as a consequence there is no fusion of nuclei in the asci.

Notes on rust fungi in China 3. Puccinia adenocauli comb. nov. and its life cycle and new host

Mycotaxon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Jing-Xin Ji ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Makoto Kakishima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics of Gymnosporangium spp. teliospores reveals a conserved genetic program at this specific stage of the rust fungal life cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Qi Tao ◽  
Bin Cao ◽  
Emmanuelle Morin ◽  
Ying-Mei Liang ◽  
Sébastien Duplessis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomics ◽  
Genetic Program ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
General Role ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

Abstract Background: Gymnosporangium spp. are fungal plant pathogens causing rust disease and most of them are known to infect two different host plants (heteroecious) with four spore stages (demicyclic). In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptome of G. japonicum teliospores on its host plant Juniperus chinensis and we performed comparison to the transcriptomes of G. yamadae and G. asiaticum at the same life stage, that happens in the same host but on different organs. Results: Functional annotation for the three Gymnosporangium species showed the expression of a conserved genetic program with the top abundant cellular categories corresponding to energy, translation and signal transduction processes, indicating that this life stage is particularly active. Moreover, the survey of predicted secretomes in the three Gymnosporangium transcriptomes revealed shared and specific genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes and secreted proteins of unknown function that could represent candidate pathogenesis effectors. A transcript encoding a hemicellulase of the glycoside hydrolase 26 family, previously identified in other rust fungi, was particularly highly expressed suggesting a general role in rust fungi. The comparison between the transcriptomes of the three Gymnosporangium spp. and selected Pucciniales species in different taxonomical families allowed to identify lineage-specific protein families that may relate to the biology of teliospores in rust fungi. Among clustered gene families, 205, 200 and 152 proteins were specifically identified in G. japonicum , G. yamadae and G. asiaticum , respectively, including candidate effectors expressed in teliospores. Conclusions: This comprehensive comparative transcriptomics study of three Gymnosporangium spp. identified gene functions and metabolic pathways particularly expressed in teliospores, a stage of the life cycle that is mostly overlooked in rust fungi. Secreted protein encoding transcripts expressed in teliospores may reveal new candidate effectors related to pathogenesis. Although this spore stage is not involved in host plant infection but in the production of basidiospores infecting plants in the Amygdaloideae, we speculate that candidate effectors may be expressed as early as the teliospore stage for preparing further infection by basidiospores.

scholarly journals Distribution of species of the genus Gymnosporangium (Pucciniales) in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
I.M. Mustafaev ◽  
◽  
Z.Sh. Islomiddinov ◽  
M.M. Iminova ◽  
I.Z. Ortiqov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In this study, we analyzed distribution of species of the genus Gymnosporangium in the mountain regions of Uzbekistan, including the Western Tien Shan and Pamir-Alay. Four species of Gymnosporangium (G. confusum, G. sabinae, G. fusisporum, and G. turkestanicum) are reported for Uzbekistan. The telial hosts of these rust fungi are species of the genus Juniperus, while aecial hosts in Uzbekistan are representatives of the genera Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Sorbus, and Pyrus (all Rosaceae). It has been found that the distribution patterns of species of Gymnosporangium within mountain areas of Uzbekistan depend largely on distribution of juniper woodlands because representatives of the genus Juniperus as telial hosts play a major role in the life cycle of these fungi. In that regard, Gymnosporangium species have not yet been recorded in the Nuratau Nature Reserve despite other favorable conditions for these rust fungi in this territory.

Notes on rust fungi in China 9. Puccinia miscanthi life cycle and morphology confirmed by inoculation

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Jing-Xin Ji ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Makoto Kakishima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
First Time

The Heteroecious and macrocyclic life cycle of Puccinia miscanthi is confirmed for the first time with inoculation experiments in China. The rust produces spermogonial and aecial stages on Plantago asiatica and uredinial and telial stages on Miscanthus sacchariflorus. Morphological characters of these stages are described based on field collections and specimens that confirmed their life cycle connections. The neotype of P. miscanthi is designated.

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