From Raster to Vectors: Extracting Visual Information from Line Drawings

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Wenyin ◽  
Dov Dori
i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951875580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Boshyan ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Nicole Betz ◽  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga

Previous work using color photographic scenes has shown that human observers are keenly sensitive to different types of threatening and negative stimuli and reliably classify them by the presence, and spatial and temporal directions of threat. To test whether such distinctions can be extracted from impoverished visual information, we used 500 line drawings made by hand-tracing the original set of photographic scenes. Sixty participants rated the scenes on spatial and temporal dimensions of threat. Based on these ratings, trend analysis revealed five scene categories that were comparable to those identified for the matching color photographic scenes. Another 61 participants were randomly assigned to rate the valence or arousal evoked by the line drawings. The line drawings perceived to be the most negative were also perceived to be the most arousing, replicating the finding for color photographic scenes. We demonstrate here that humans are very sensitive to the spatial and temporal directions of threat even when they must extract this information from simple line drawings, and rate the line drawings very similarly to matched color photographs. The set of 500 hand-traced line-drawing scenes has been made freely available to the research community: http://www.kveragalab.org/threat.html .


Author(s):  
Allan H. Frey ◽  
Edwin S. Eichert

This study was concerned with an evaluation of holography in training and for job aids. Experimentation comparing holograms, line drawings, and photographs as methods of presenting visual information is reported. It appears that with the tasks used, holograms generally are as good as or better visual aids than either photographs or line drawings. The use of holograms tends to reduce errors rather than speed assembly time in assembly tasks. They also seem to enhance the discovery of errors when the subject is attempting to locate assembly errors in a construction. The results of this experimentation suggest that serious consideration should be given to the use of holography in the development of job aids and in training. Applications in technical documentation and storage relevant to the use of holograms as job aids are also considered.


Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3003 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Manila Vannucci ◽  
Maria Pia Viggiano

We examined the effects of plane rotations on the identification of exemplars of three semantic categories. In the first two experiments line drawings belonging to three categories (animals, inanimate objects, and vegetables) were presented at four orientations (0°, 60°, 120°, and 180° of clockwise rotation). The response time was found to depend on stimulus category. In particular, whereas rotation effects were shown for animals, no effect at all was found for vegetables and only partial effects were found for inanimate objects. The unclear pattern found for inanimate objects was further examined in experiment 3 where the orientation effects on the identification of two subsets of the inanimate category were studied. The hypothesis of view-observation frequency was confirmed. In experiment 4, line drawings of objects at different orientations were presented in physically degraded versions. The minimum amount of visual information necessary to identify rotated stimuli was found to vary as a function of stimulus category as well. Results are discussed, combining current research on both viewpoint-dependence/independence and neural systems involved in category processing.


Author(s):  
Noboru Takagi ◽  
◽  
Shingo Morii ◽  
Tatsuo Motoyoshi ◽  

For example, when sighted scholars study mathematics and physics etcetera, they need to access visual information, e.g., graphs and pictures. Furthermore, sighted people can express their own ideas and opinions visually. On the other hand, blind people can access visual information if it is expressed tactilely, but find it difficult to express their ideas and opinions visually. We are therefore developing a computer-aided system enabling blind people to draw their own figures on their own. This system consists of a matrix braille display to edit computer line drawings. The matrix braille display enables the blind to feel a tactile graphic during editing. After explaining two input methods for elementary plane shapes, we discuss two methods for scrolling tactile graphics to make the matrix braille display large enough to show tactile graphics in sufficient detail. We then show experimental results for using input and scrolling, and conclude with discussion on the usability of input and scrolling.


2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Wilkinson ◽  
Tara O’Neill ◽  
William J. McIlvane

Purpose Many individuals with communication impairments use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems involving letters, words, or line drawings that rely on the visual modality. It seems reasonable to suggest that display design should incorporate information about how users attend to and process visual information. The organization of AAC symbols can influence the speed and accuracy with which children select a target symbol on a display. This research examined why some displays facilitate responding. Method Eye-tracking technology recorded point-of-gaze while children without disabilities engaged in a visual search task with 2 AAC displays. In 1 display, symbols sharing an internal color were clustered together. In the other display, like-colored symbols were distributed. Dependent measures were (a) latency to fixate on the target compared with distracters and (b) the number of fixations to target and distracters. Results Participants were significantly slower to fixate on the target when like-colored symbols were distributed; there was a significant increase in the number of fixations to distracters that did not share color with the target. Conclusions Efficient search was related to minimizing fixations to nonrelevant distracters. Vulnerability to distraction can be a significant problem in individuals with disabilities who use AAC. Minimizing the intrusion of such distraction may, therefore, be of importance in AAC display design.


2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szubielska ◽  
Ewa Niestorowicz ◽  
Bogusław Marek

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether individuals with congenital blindness make more recognizable drawings of known objects that are furniture sized (table, man, tree) rather than hand sized (egg, coconut, banana; Hypothesis 1). We also investigated whether knowledge that the tactile drawings had been produced by people who are blind increased judges’ perceptions of their recognizability (Hypothesis 2). Methods: The raised-line drawings were made by children and teenagers who are blind and had no prior experience in tactile graphics. After a minimal initial training in line drawing, the subjects were asked to draw six objects from memory. The judges used a 7-point Likert-type scale to assess recognizability. All objects were identified for the judges prior to their assessment. One group of judges was told that the drawings they were assessing were made by persons who are blind, while the second group was informed that the drawings were made without the use of sight. Results: The real-life size of the objects depicted in the drawings affected judges’ perception of their recognizability. Depictions of hand-sized objects were found to be less recognizable than were depictions of furniture-sized objects. Knowledge of the artists’ blindness had no effect on the judgments of recognizability. Discussion: Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, which suggests that individuals with congenital blindness have more difficulty in creating drawings of hand-sized objects than they did creating drawings of furniture-sized objects. Hypothesis 2 was not confirmed, which is inconsistent with the results of previous research in which the awareness of the artists’ disability status influenced the assessment of the artworks. Although the present research focused on recognizability, the issue in earlier research was aesthetic judgment. Implications for practitioners: Although few people would question the importance of illustrations in books for sighted children, the value of tactile graphics and the benefits of engaging children who have visual impairments in making and exploring raised-line drawings are not always understood. Full participation in subjects that rely on visual information such as geometry, art, and geography by learners who are born blind requires access to tactile graphics. Basic training in raised-line drawing may be sufficient for some children, particularly those who are older (aged 10 years or more), with congenital blindness who have never drawn before to create from memory recognizable drawings of known objects, especially larger objects.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Thistle

Purpose Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies. Method Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border. Results In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions. Conclusion Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.


2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Paulmann ◽  
Sarah Jessen ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz

The multimodal nature of human communication has been well established. Yet few empirical studies have systematically examined the widely held belief that this form of perception is facilitated in comparison to unimodal or bimodal perception. In the current experiment we first explored the processing of unimodally presented facial expressions. Furthermore, auditory (prosodic and/or lexical-semantic) information was presented together with the visual information to investigate the processing of bimodal (facial and prosodic cues) and multimodal (facial, lexic, and prosodic cues) human communication. Participants engaged in an identity identification task, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were being recorded to examine early processing mechanisms as reflected in the P200 and N300 component. While the former component has repeatedly been linked to physical property stimulus processing, the latter has been linked to more evaluative “meaning-related” processing. A direct relationship between P200 and N300 amplitude and the number of information channels present was found. The multimodal-channel condition elicited the smallest amplitude in the P200 and N300 components, followed by an increased amplitude in each component for the bimodal-channel condition. The largest amplitude was observed for the unimodal condition. These data suggest that multimodal information induces clear facilitation in comparison to unimodal or bimodal information. The advantage of multimodal perception as reflected in the P200 and N300 components may thus reflect one of the mechanisms allowing for fast and accurate information processing in human communication.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document