Vesicular mycorrhizal colonization of seedlings of Pinaceae and Betulaceae after spore inoculation with Glomus intraradices

Mycorrhiza ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smith ◽  
K. A. Johnson ◽  
E. Cázares
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Spore Inoculation

Is cortical root colonization required for carbon transfer to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? Evidence from colonization phenotypes and spore production in the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) mutant of tomato

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Manjarrez ◽  
F. Andrew Smith ◽  
Petra Marschner ◽  
Sally E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the phenotypes formed in the reduced mycorrhizal colonization (rmc) Solanum lycopersicum  L. (tomato) mutant with different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were used to explore the potential of different fungal structures to support development of external fungal mycelium and spores. The life cycle of AM fungi with rmc was followed for up to 24 weeks. Results showed that production of external mycelium was slight and transitory for those fungi that did not penetrate the roots of rmc (Pen–) ( Glomus intraradices DAOM181602 and Glomus etunicatum ). For fungi that penetrated the root epidermis and hypodermis (Coi–, Glomus coronatum and Scutellospora calospora ) the mycelium produced varied in size, but was always smaller than with the wild-type 76R. Spores were formed by these fungi with 76R but not with rmc. The only fungus forming a Myc+ phenotype with rmc, G. intraradices WFVAM23, produced as much mycelium with rmc as with 76R. We observed lipid accumulation in hyphae and vesicles in both plant genotypes with this fungus. Mature spores were formed with 76R. However, with rmc, spores remained small and (presumably) immature for up to 24 weeks. We conclude that significant carbon transfer from plant to fungus can occur in Coi– interactions with rmc in which no cortical colonization occurs. We speculate that both carbon transfer and root signals are required for mature spores to be produced.

scholarly journals Influence of Glomus intraradices on Black Foot Disease Caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris Under Controlled Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Petit ◽  
Walter Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

We examined the influence of an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices (INVAM CA 501), on black foot disease caused by the fungus Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris cv. St. George under controlled conditions. Mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal grape rootings were inoculated with the pathogen. Eight months following inoculation with the pathogen, we evaluated disease severity, vine growth, and mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal plants developed significantly less leaf and root symptoms than nonmycorrhizal plants (P = 0.04 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Only nonmycorrhizal grape rootings inoculated with the pathogen had significantly less dry root and leaf weights compared with the noninoculated control (P = 0.0021 and P = 0.0017, respectively). Mycorrhizal colonization was high (48.3% for the noninfected control and 54.5% for plants infected with C. macrodidymum) and not significantly affected by inoculation with C. macrodidymum (P = 0.2256). Thus, V. rupestris preinoculated with G. intraradices were less susceptible to black foot disease than nonmycorrhizal plants. Results from this study suggest that preplant applications of G. intraradices may help prevent black foot disease in the nursery and in the vineyard.

Effectiveness of Glomus species in protecting white clover against nematode damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Habte ◽  
Y C Zhang ◽  
D P Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Shoot Mass

Three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe, were evaluated for their effectiveness to suppress the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a greenhouse study. Forty 1-day-old seedlings not colonized or colonized to the same extent by the fungi were transplanted into a growth medium uninoculated or inoculated with 10 000 M. incognita eggs. After 40 days of further growth, root mass, shoot mass, extent of galling, number of nematodes and nematode eggs in roots, and extent of mycorrhizal colonization of roots were determined. Growth of white clover was significantly stimulated by mycorrhizal colonization, and nematodes caused the greatest damage when plants were not colonized by the fungi. The degree to which mycorrhizal fungi reduced nematode damage varied with the species of mycorrhizal fungus; the extent of damage reduction ranged from 19 to 49.8%, based on loss of shoot mass. The effectiveness of the mycorrhizal fungal species in suppressing nematodes was not related to the degree to which they colonized roots or their effectiveness in enhancing host growth.Key words: AM colonization, galls, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, inoculum potential, Meloidogyne incognita, nematode eggs, phosphorus.

scholarly journals 435 PB 206 EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF NEEM TREE SEEDLINGS (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 493e-493
Author(s):  
Lop Phavaphutanon ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
P Supply

Growth and nutrient content of neem tree seedlings (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were studied in response to the mycorrhial fungi Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) modified to supply phosphorus (P) at 0.65 and 1.30 mM P. Three months after inoculation, an extensive mycorrhizal colonization was observed in mycorrhizal plants at both P levels. Shoot growth of mycorrhizal plants was similar at both P levels while the growth of nonmycorrhizal plants increased with increasing P supply. Mycorrhizal plants had greater leaf area, shoot dry weight and root to shoot ratio than nonmycorrhizal plants at the same P level. The length of nonsuberized roots increased with increasing P supply regardless of mycorrhizal colonization while the length of suberized roots was significantly increased by mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza altered dry mass partitioning to root systems resulting in greater length and dry weight of suberized roots in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhiza also improved nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sulfur uptake but did not affect micronutrient uptake, except for enhancing boron.

scholarly journals Hormone concentrations in tobacco roots change during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization with Glomus intraradices *

2002 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Shaul-Keinan ◽  
Vijay Gadkar ◽  
Idit Ginzberg ◽  
Jose M. Grunzweig ◽  
Ilan Chet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Tobacco Roots

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of Glomus intraradices in Arum- and Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

2005 ◽  
Vol 166 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. Van Aarle ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
F. Andrew Smith ◽  
Sandy Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization

scholarly journals Influence of isoxaflutole on colonization of corn (Zea mays L.) roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Ranganayaki Nandanavanam ◽  
Urszula Puczel ◽  
Mahesh Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Corn Plants

Stokłosa, A., Nandanavanam, R., Puczel, U. and Upadhyaya, M. K. 2011. Influence of isoxaflutole on colonization of corn (Zea mays L.) roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 143–145. In a greenhouse pot culture study, corn plants were grown in sterilized soil containing mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different concentrations of Converge Pro® herbicide (19.8, 39.6, 79.2, and 158.4 µg a.i. isoxaflutole L−1 soil). Mycorrhizal colonization of corn roots was observed to be 10 to 20% at 6 wk (exp. I) and 50 to 60% at 8 wk (exps. II and III) of plant growth. Isoxaflutole did not inhibit mycorrhizal colonization in any of the three experiments. These results show that the use of isoxaflutole does not affect corn plants by influencing mycorrhizal colonization for up to 8 wk of growth.

scholarly journals 141 Effects of Two AM Fungi on the Yield and the Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Grown in Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 466A-466
Author(s):  
Henriette Gotoèchan ◽  
Jean Coulombe ◽  
Serge Yelle ◽  
Hèlène Desilets
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Loam Soil

Two cultivars of carrot were sown in a sandy loam soil over two seasons with and without introduction of commercial inoculum of Glomus intraradices or Glomus etunicatum, which was spread with an experimental sowing machine. VAM fungi effects on the yield and the quality of carrot varied from season to season. In 1997, both of the VAM fungi enhanced the average saleable yield of the two cultivars from 66.21 t/ha to 69.85 t/ha and 80.81 t/ha, respectively, for the treatment without the introduction of VAM fungi, G. etunicatum, and G. intraradices. The slight difference (5.03%) that occured between G. intraradices and the non-inoculated treatment, although not significant, represented 20.38% of the total percentage of rejected carrots. For the last season, the amount of rejected carrots was in the same range for all the treatments (13% to 14%). Nevertheless, both of the cultivars responded differently to mycorrhization. In both of the seasons, mycorrhizal colonization was high in all plots, with an average of 70% in the treatment without inoculation and 75% in those that received G. intraradices or G. etunicatum. In our experimental conditions, reduction of phosphate fertilization to 50% of the recommanded quantity had no influence either on the mycorrhizal colonization or on the yields.

Sustainable Production of Honeydew and Muskmelon in Western Mexico

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 495d-495
Author(s):  
J. Farias-Larios ◽  
A. Michel-Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
First Results ◽  
Legume Cover Crop ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Research Show

In Western Mexico, melon production depends on high-input systems to maximize yield and product quality. Tillage, plasticulture, fumigation with methyl bromide, and fertigation, are the principal management practices in these systems. However, at present several problems has been found: pests as sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), aphids (Myzus and Aphis), leafminer (Liryomiza sativae); diseases as Fusarium, Verticilium, and Pseudoperenospora, and weeds demand high pesticide utilization and labor. There is a growing demand for alternative cultural practices, with an emphasis on reducing off-farm input labor and chemicals. Our research is based on use of organic mulches, such as: rice straw, mature maize leaves, banana leaves, sugarcane bagasse, coconut leaves, and living mulches with annual legume cover crop in melons with crop rotation, such as: Canavalia, Stilozobium, Crotalaria, and Clitoria species. Also, inoculations with mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi for honeydew and cantaloupe melon seedlings production are been assayed in greenhouse conditions for a transplant system. The use of life barriers with sorghum, marigold, and other aromatic native plants in conjunction with a colored yellow systems traps for monitoring pests is being studied as well. While that the pest control is based in commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana for biological control. The first results of this research show that the Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae reached 38.5%, 33.5%, 27.0%, and 31.0% of root infection levels, respectively. Honeydew melons production with rice and corn straw mulches shows an beneficial effect with 113.30 and 111.20 kg/plot of 10 m2 compared with bare soil with 100.20 kg. The proposed system likely also lowers production cost and is applicable to small- and large-scale melon production.

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