Effectiveness of Glomus species in protecting white clover against nematode damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Habte ◽  
Y C Zhang ◽  
D P Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Shoot Mass

Three species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith, and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe, were evaluated for their effectiveness to suppress the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a greenhouse study. Forty 1-day-old seedlings not colonized or colonized to the same extent by the fungi were transplanted into a growth medium uninoculated or inoculated with 10 000 M. incognita eggs. After 40 days of further growth, root mass, shoot mass, extent of galling, number of nematodes and nematode eggs in roots, and extent of mycorrhizal colonization of roots were determined. Growth of white clover was significantly stimulated by mycorrhizal colonization, and nematodes caused the greatest damage when plants were not colonized by the fungi. The degree to which mycorrhizal fungi reduced nematode damage varied with the species of mycorrhizal fungus; the extent of damage reduction ranged from 19 to 49.8%, based on loss of shoot mass. The effectiveness of the mycorrhizal fungal species in suppressing nematodes was not related to the degree to which they colonized roots or their effectiveness in enhancing host growth.Key words: AM colonization, galls, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae, inoculum potential, Meloidogyne incognita, nematode eggs, phosphorus.

scholarly journals Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea Varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishola Odeyemi ◽  
Steve Afolami ◽  
Olufemi Sosanya
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Relationship Of

Effect of Glomus Mosseae (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus) On Host - Parasite Relationship of Meloidogyne Incognita (Southern Root-Knot Nematode) on Four Improved Cowpea VarietiesTwo pot experiments and a field study were conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experiments were conducted to determine the effect ofGlomus mosseae, a mycorrhiza fungus, on the reaction of four improved cowpea varieties toMeloidogyne incognita.Cowpea plants were inoculated with a single or a combination of 5 000 eggs ofM. incognitaand 50 g ofG. mosseaeinoculum containing 5 spores/g of soil. The standardized method of screening and reporting resistance of crop germplasm to root-knot nematodes at 60 days after planting, and the modified version of including yield for resistance rating at harvest were used for this study. Root galling due toM. incognitainfection was significantly lower on all the cowpea varieties treated withG. mosseaeand more significantly on IT90K-277-2 and IT89KD-288 in the screenhouse.G. mosseae, suppressed root-knot nematode reproduction on all the varieties compared to cowpea plants infected only byM. incognitaboth in the screenhouse and field experiments. Also,G. mosseaemitigated the damage attributable to the root-knot nematode on all these varieties. Using Gall Index (GI), reproduction factor and yield,G. mosseaewas effective in improving the resistance of the cowpea varieties toM. incognita.IT90K-76 cowpea variety was consistently resistant to the root-knot nematode, while IT90K-277-2 was tolerant withM. incognitainfection but resistant withG. mosseaetreatment. IT90K-941-1 variety was resistant in the screenhouse. The results of this study also confirmedG. mosseaeas a potential bio-control agent forM. incognitaon these cowpea varieties.

scholarly journals Influence of Glomus intraradices on Black Foot Disease Caused by Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris Under Controlled Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Petit ◽  
Walter Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vitis Rupestris ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

We examined the influence of an arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices (INVAM CA 501), on black foot disease caused by the fungus Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum on Vitis rupestris cv. St. George under controlled conditions. Mycorrhizal or nonmycorrhizal grape rootings were inoculated with the pathogen. Eight months following inoculation with the pathogen, we evaluated disease severity, vine growth, and mycorrhizal colonization. Mycorrhizal plants developed significantly less leaf and root symptoms than nonmycorrhizal plants (P = 0.04 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Only nonmycorrhizal grape rootings inoculated with the pathogen had significantly less dry root and leaf weights compared with the noninoculated control (P = 0.0021 and P = 0.0017, respectively). Mycorrhizal colonization was high (48.3% for the noninfected control and 54.5% for plants infected with C. macrodidymum) and not significantly affected by inoculation with C. macrodidymum (P = 0.2256). Thus, V. rupestris preinoculated with G. intraradices were less susceptible to black foot disease than nonmycorrhizal plants. Results from this study suggest that preplant applications of G. intraradices may help prevent black foot disease in the nursery and in the vineyard.

scholarly journals Influence of isoxaflutole on colonization of corn (Zea mays L.) roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Ranganayaki Nandanavanam ◽  
Urszula Puczel ◽  
Mahesh Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Corn Plants

Stokłosa, A., Nandanavanam, R., Puczel, U. and Upadhyaya, M. K. 2011. Influence of isoxaflutole on colonization of corn (Zea mays L.) roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 143–145. In a greenhouse pot culture study, corn plants were grown in sterilized soil containing mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and different concentrations of Converge Pro® herbicide (19.8, 39.6, 79.2, and 158.4 µg a.i. isoxaflutole L−1 soil). Mycorrhizal colonization of corn roots was observed to be 10 to 20% at 6 wk (exp. I) and 50 to 60% at 8 wk (exps. II and III) of plant growth. Isoxaflutole did not inhibit mycorrhizal colonization in any of the three experiments. These results show that the use of isoxaflutole does not affect corn plants by influencing mycorrhizal colonization for up to 8 wk of growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on Fusarium Root Rot in Asparagus

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Arriola ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck ◽  
John Rogers ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Mass

Commercially available biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith were tested for their efficacy in controlling fusarium root rot in potted asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) seedlings. High and low concentrations of Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) emend. Snyd. & Hans. f. sp. asparagi Cohen & Heald (FOA) were combined with G. intraradices and/or T. harzianum treatments. In both experiments included in this study, T. harzianum and G. intraradices alone and in combination effectively reduced root rot caused by FOA when asparagus seedlings were grown in low levels of FOA-infested medium. When seedlings were grown in high levels of FOA-infested medium, the combination of T. harzianum + G. intraradices significantly increased dry shoot mass and limited root rot compared to the control.

scholarly journals Uptake and translocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium in soybean infected with Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUI G. CARNEIRO ◽  
PAULO MAZZAFERA ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS C.B. FERRAZ ◽  
TAKASHI MURAOKA ◽  
PAULO CESAR O. TRIVELIN
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars were used in this study, Ocepar 4, rated as moderately resistant to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 but susceptible to M. javanica, and 'BR 16', susceptible to both nematodes. The effect of nematodes infection on the uptake and transport of N, P and Ca to the shoot was studied in plants growing in a split root system. The upper half was inoculated with 0, 3,000, 9,000 or 27,000 eggs/plant while the lower half received 15N, 32P or 45Ca. Infected plants showed an increase of root but a decrease of shoot mass with increasing inoculum levels. In general, total endogenous nutrients increased in the roots and tended to decrease in the shoots with increasing inoculum levels. When concentrations were calculated, there was an increase in the three nutrients in the roots, and an increase of Ca but no significant variation of N and P was observed in the shoots. The total amount of 15N in the roots increased at the highest inoculum levels but 32P and 45Ca decreased. In the shoots there was a reduction of 32P and 45Ca. The specific concentrations of the labelled nutrients (abundance or radioactivity/tissue mass) also showed a decrease of 32P and 45Ca in the shoots and roots of infected plants and an increase of 15N in the shoots. Considering that overall nutrient concentrations reflect cumulative nutrient uptake and the data from labelled elements gave information at a specific moment of the infection, thus nematodes do interfere with nutrient uptake and translocation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document