Pigment composition in Norway spruce needles suffering from different types of nutrient deficiency

Trees ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Solberg ◽  
Tord K. Rindal ◽  
Gunnar Ogner
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Effect of fertilisation on Norway spruce needles

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
S. Vacek ◽  
I. Ulbrichová
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Spruce Needles

Yellowing of Norway spruce is a relatively common problem in many regions of the Czech Republic. At some places, it is also connected with forest decline. This unfavourable phenomenon is initiated by several ecological as well as anthropogenic processes. One of the most important is the imbalance of forest stand nutrition. Particular reasons lead to nutrient deficiency, especially deficiency of magnesium. Solution to this undesirable trend is a profound ecological analysis and cause-oriented treatments. Besides decreasing air pollution impacts, fertilisation with deficient nutrients represents a successful treatment in the forest stand management in affected areas. In the area of interest, application of relatively small amounts of appropriate fertiliser (SILVAMIX Mg) led to considerable improvement in the defoliation dynamics and yellowing progress since the first year after application.

scholarly journals Autophagy Modulators in Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5804
Author(s):  
Kamila Buzun ◽  
Agnieszka Gornowicz ◽  
Roman Lesyk ◽  
Krzysztof Bielawski ◽  
Anna Bielawska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Atg Proteins ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Autophagy is a process of self-degradation that plays an important role in removing damaged proteins, organelles or cellular fragments from the cell. Under stressful conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deficiency or chemotherapy, this process can also become the strategy for cell survival. Autophagy can be nonselective or selective in removing specific organelles, ribosomes, and protein aggregates, although the complete mechanisms that regulate aspects of selective autophagy are not fully understood. This review summarizes the most recent research into understanding the different types and mechanisms of autophagy. The relationship between apoptosis and autophagy on the level of molecular regulation of the expression of selected proteins such as p53, Bcl-2/Beclin 1, p62, Atg proteins, and caspases was discussed. Intensive studies have revealed a whole range of novel compounds with an anticancer activity that inhibit or activate regulatory pathways involved in autophagy. We focused on the presentation of compounds strongly affecting the autophagy process, with particular emphasis on those that are undergoing clinical and preclinical cancer research. Moreover, the target points, adverse effects and therapeutic schemes of autophagy inhibitors and activators are presented.

Short-term pigment changes in Norway spruce needles

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. B. Hawkins ◽  
G. R. Lister ◽  
R. P. Fink ◽  
W. E. Vidaver
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Amounts of carbon mineralised and leached as DOC during decomposition of Norway spruce needles and fine roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karna Hansson ◽  
Dan Berggren Kleja ◽  
Karsten Kalbitz ◽  
Hanna Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Altitude, Season and Light on the Accumulation of Extractable Terpenes in Norway Spruce Needles

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Kristýna Večeřová ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Barbora Veselá ◽  
Petr Holub ◽  
John Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

Plants produce specific terpenes, secondary metabolites conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our study aims to investigate the effects of altitude, light intensity and season on contents of mono- and sesquiterpenes in needles of coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies). Needles of current shoots representing upper and lower canopy were collected from adult trees growing along an altitudinal gradient (400–1100 m a.s.l.) in summer and autumn. After the extraction in cold heptane, the content of extractable terpenes was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Our results show that the total content of terpenes decreases with increasing altitude regardless of canopy position and season. Needles of the upper canopy have a higher total content of terpenes than lower canopy needles, but this difference decreases with increasing altitude in summer. Total content of extractable terpenes increases in autumn when compared to summer particularly in upper canopy needles of trees from high altitudes. Limonene, camphene, α-pinene and myrcene are the most abundant monoterpenes in spruce needles forming up to 85% of total monoterpenes, while germacrene D-4-ol is the most abundant sesquiterpene. Altitude, canopy position and season have a significant interactive effect on most monoterpenes, but not on sesquiterpenes. Terpenoid biosynthesis is thus tightly linked to growth conditions and likely plays a crucial role in the constitution of stress tolerance in evergreen conifers.

scholarly journals  Soil environment and nutrient status of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) underplantings in conditions of the 8th FAZ in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
J. Pecháček ◽  
D. Vavříček ◽  
P. Samec
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Statistical Survey

The main objective of this study was to investigate the causes of nutrient deficiency symptoms in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) underplantings in the Hrub&yacute; Jesen&iacute;k Mts. In the area concerned 19 research plots were established, representing the ridge sites of the 8th FAZ of acid edaphic categories. On these plots samples were taken from topmost soil horizons and needle samples were collected in two series &ndash; from healthy and from damaged trees. The results of this study demonstrate that the nutrient deficiency symptoms and reduced vitality of evaluated underplantings were caused by the insufficient uptake of main nutrients (Mg, P, K, N<sub>t</sub>). High contents of toxic elements Al, S in damaged needles are another factor that negatively influences the health status of these underplantings.<br />A statistical survey showed that damage to underplantings increased with decreasing proportions of main nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) in organomineral horizons. At the same time the content of basic nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) was found to increase in this horizon with an increasing proportion of oxidizable organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>). The proportion of humus substances and the content of basic nutrients (N<sub>t</sub>, Mg, Ca, K) in organomineral horizons become a limiting factor for the normal growth and development of Norway spruce plantings in the ridge part of the Hrub&yacute; Jesen&iacute;k Mts.

scholarly journals Changes in the nutrition and health status of young Norway spruce stands in the Krkonoše Mts. in a 17-year period

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
Novotný Radek ◽  
Lomský Bohumír ◽  
Šrámek Vít
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spruce Needles

For 17 Norway spruce stands located in the Krkonoše Mts. in the Czech Republic a long-term assessment of defoliation, height increment, foliage concentration of nutrients (N, P, Ca, K, Mg) and stress elements (S, F) was carried out. The results show a decrease of defoliation and a slight increase of height increment, which occur in accordance with the decreasing concentration of sulphur in spruce needles. However, neither sulphur concentration nor height increment trends are significant, suggesting that both the main pollution abatement and the growth resumption took place already in the 1990’s. During the late 1990’s the average spruce defoliation was greater than 35%, while since 2007 it has fluctuated between 18 and 25%, which corresponds with the figures for the forest stands located in the other regions of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of single nutrient concentrations detected occasional deficiencies of P and Mg at individual plots. The good N nutrition (&gt; 15 mg N·g<sup>–1</sup>) in combination with a significantly decreasing trend of P, K and Ca concentrations in Norway spruce needles may potentially constitute a problem in regard to both the future health and the stability of forest stands in the studied region.

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