scholarly journals Novel efficient methods for measuring mesophyll anatomical characteristics from fresh thick sections using stereology and confocal microscopy: application on acid rain-treated Norway spruce needles

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Albrechtova ◽  
J. Janacek ◽  
Z. Lhotakova ◽  
B. Radochova ◽  
L. Kubinova
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Spruce Needles

Short-term pigment changes in Norway spruce needles

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. B. Hawkins ◽  
G. R. Lister ◽  
R. P. Fink ◽  
W. E. Vidaver
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Amounts of carbon mineralised and leached as DOC during decomposition of Norway spruce needles and fine roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karna Hansson ◽  
Dan Berggren Kleja ◽  
Karsten Kalbitz ◽  
Hanna Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Spruce Needles

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Altitude, Season and Light on the Accumulation of Extractable Terpenes in Norway Spruce Needles

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Kristýna Večeřová ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Barbora Veselá ◽  
Petr Holub ◽  
John Grace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

Plants produce specific terpenes, secondary metabolites conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our study aims to investigate the effects of altitude, light intensity and season on contents of mono- and sesquiterpenes in needles of coniferous Norway spruce (Picea abies). Needles of current shoots representing upper and lower canopy were collected from adult trees growing along an altitudinal gradient (400–1100 m a.s.l.) in summer and autumn. After the extraction in cold heptane, the content of extractable terpenes was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Our results show that the total content of terpenes decreases with increasing altitude regardless of canopy position and season. Needles of the upper canopy have a higher total content of terpenes than lower canopy needles, but this difference decreases with increasing altitude in summer. Total content of extractable terpenes increases in autumn when compared to summer particularly in upper canopy needles of trees from high altitudes. Limonene, camphene, α-pinene and myrcene are the most abundant monoterpenes in spruce needles forming up to 85% of total monoterpenes, while germacrene D-4-ol is the most abundant sesquiterpene. Altitude, canopy position and season have a significant interactive effect on most monoterpenes, but not on sesquiterpenes. Terpenoid biosynthesis is thus tightly linked to growth conditions and likely plays a crucial role in the constitution of stress tolerance in evergreen conifers.

scholarly journals Changes in the nutrition and health status of young Norway spruce stands in the Krkonoše Mts. in a 17-year period

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
Novotný Radek ◽  
Lomský Bohumír ◽  
Šrámek Vít
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Spruce Needles

For 17 Norway spruce stands located in the Krkonoše Mts. in the Czech Republic a long-term assessment of defoliation, height increment, foliage concentration of nutrients (N, P, Ca, K, Mg) and stress elements (S, F) was carried out. The results show a decrease of defoliation and a slight increase of height increment, which occur in accordance with the decreasing concentration of sulphur in spruce needles. However, neither sulphur concentration nor height increment trends are significant, suggesting that both the main pollution abatement and the growth resumption took place already in the 1990’s. During the late 1990’s the average spruce defoliation was greater than 35%, while since 2007 it has fluctuated between 18 and 25%, which corresponds with the figures for the forest stands located in the other regions of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of single nutrient concentrations detected occasional deficiencies of P and Mg at individual plots. The good N nutrition (&gt; 15 mg N·g<sup>–1</sup>) in combination with a significantly decreasing trend of P, K and Ca concentrations in Norway spruce needles may potentially constitute a problem in regard to both the future health and the stability of forest stands in the studied region.

Acid-rain-induced changes in cuticles and Ca distribution in Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Turunen ◽  
Satu Huttunen ◽  
Jaana Back ◽  
Jukka Lamppu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Induced Changes

Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) were subjected to acid rain irrigation at pH 7, pH 4, and pH 3 three times a week during the growing seasons of 1986–1989 in a field experiment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, contact angle measurements, and chloroform extraction of waxes were used to detect physicochemical changes in the needle cuticles. The first detectable symptoms of acid rain were observed after 5 weeks of acid rain treatment at pH 3 and pH 4, which resulted in few CaSO4 crystallites on visibly undamaged pine and spruce needle surfaces. After 7 weeks of acid rain treatment there were CaSO4 crystallites scattered over the whole needle surface area and erosion of the epicuticular waxes could be observed occasionally. CaSO4 crystal formation later decreased, especially on the needles of seedlings treated at pH 3. Ca concentrations in the needles and roots of the seedlings and in the soil in the boxes were higher in the pH 3 treatments than elsewhere. The more abundant deposition of Ca oxalate crystallites on the inner walls of the epidermal and hypodermal cells of the spruce needles than on their outer walls was probably also connected with Ca leaching, caused by acid rain. Acid rain also delayed wax synthesis, as 2-month-old pine needles exposed to pH 3 and pH 4 had about 50% less wax than the water controls in early August. The needle surfaces of the southern provenances of spruce and pine seedlings were slightly less wettable after pH 4 treatment than after the control water treatment, because they probably benefited from N and S compounds in the irrigation water. The needle surfaces were more wettable in the pH 3 and water control seedlings than in the other treatments.

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