Parasite influences on host life history: Echinostoma revolutum parasitism of Lymnaea elodes snails

Oecologia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 115 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Sorensen ◽  
Dennis J. Minchella
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Echinostoma Revolutum ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Lymnaea Elodes

scholarly journals Effects of life history stage and climatic conditions on fecal egg counts in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 3401-3413
Author(s):  
Peter A. Seeber ◽  
Tetiana A. Kuzmina ◽  
Alex D. Greenwood ◽  
Marion L. East
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Host Life

Abstract In wildlife, endoparasite burden can be affected by host life history stage, environmental conditions, host abundance, and parasite co-infections. We tested the effects of these factors on gastrointestinal parasite infection in plains zebras (Equus quagga) in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, using fecal egg counts of two nematode families (Strongylidae and Ascarididae) and the presence/absence of cestode (Anoplocephalidae) eggs. We predicted higher egg counts of Strongylidae and Ascarididae, and increased likelihood of Anoplocephalidae infection in individuals (1) during energetically costly life history stages when resource allocation to immune processes may decrease and in young zebras after weaning because of increased uptake of infective stages with forage, (2) when climatic conditions facilitate survival of infective stages, (3) when large zebra aggregations increase forage contamination with infective stages, and (4) in individuals co-infected with more than one parasite group as this may indicate reduced immune competence. Strongylidae egg counts were higher, and the occurrence of Anoplocephalidae eggs was more likely in bachelors than in band stallions, whereas Ascarididae egg counts were higher in band stallions. Strongylidae and Ascarididae egg counts were not increased in lactating females. Strongylidae egg counts were higher in subadults than in foals. Regardless of sex and age, Ascarididae infections were more likely under wet conditions. Co-infections did not affect Strongylidae egg counts. Ascarididae egg counts in adult females were higher when individuals were co-infected with Anoplocephalidae. We present evidence that parasite burdens in plains zebras are affected by life history stage, environmental conditions, and co-infection.

scholarly journals Micro‐ and macroparasite species richness in birds: The role of host life history and ecology

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge S. Gutiérrez ◽  
Theunis Piersma ◽  
David W. Thieltges
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Life

scholarly journals Interactions with a Complex Microbiota Mediate a Trade-Off between the Host Development Rate and Heat Stress Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Samuel Slowinski ◽  
Isabella Ramirez ◽  
Vivek Narayan ◽  
Medha Somayaji ◽  
Maya Para ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Resistance ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Development ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Animals and plants host diverse communities of microorganisms, and these microbiotas have been shown to influence host life history traits. Much has been said about the benefits that host-associated microbiotas bestow on the host. However, life history traits often demonstrate tradeoffs among one another. Raising Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes in compost microcosms emulating their natural environment, we examined how complex microbiotas affect host life history traits. We show that soil microbes usually increase the host development rate but decrease host resistance to heat stress, suggesting that interactions with complex microbiotas may mediate a tradeoff between host development and stress resistance. What element in these interactions is responsible for these effects is yet unknown, but experiments with live versus dead bacteria suggest that such effects may depend on bacterially provided signals.

scholarly journals Host Life History Strategy, Species Diversity, and Habitat Influence Trypanosoma cruzi Vector Infection in Changing Landscapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Gottdenker ◽  
Luis Fernando Chaves ◽  
José E. Calzada ◽  
Azael Saldaña ◽  
C. Ronald Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Host Life

The Occurrence and Identification of Echinostoma revolutum from North American Lymnaea elodes Snails

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Sorensen ◽  
Ivan Kanev ◽  
Bernard Fried ◽  
Dennis J. Minchella
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Echinostoma Revolutum ◽  
Lymnaea Elodes

Coevolutionary interactions between host life histories and parasite life cycles

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S47-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Koella ◽  
P. Agnew ◽  
Y. Michalakis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Host Parasite

SummarySeveral recent studies have discussed the interaction of host life-history traits and parasite life cycles. It has been observed that the life-history of a host often changes after infection by a parasite. In some cases, changes of host life-history traits reduce the costs of parasitism and can be interpreted as a form of resistance against the parasite. In other cases, changes of host life-history traits increase the parasite's transmission and can be interpreted as manipulation by the parasite. Alternatively, changes of host's life-history traits can also induce responses in the parasite's life cycle traits. After a brief review of recent studies, we treat in more detail the interaction between the microsporidian parasite Edhazardia aedis and its host, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We consider the interactions between the host's life-history and parasite's life cycle that help shape the evolutionary ecology of their relationship. In particular, these interactions determine whether the parasite is benign and transmits vertically or is virulent and transmits horizontally.Key words: host-parasite interaction, life-history, life cycle, coevolution.

Low humidity reduces ectoparasite pressure: implications for host life history evolution

Oikos ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Moyer ◽  
Devin M. Drown ◽  
Dale H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Host Life
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