Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence life history traits of a lepidopteran herbivore

Oecologia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goverde ◽  
M. van der Heijden ◽  
A. Wiemken ◽  
I. Sanders ◽  
A. Erhardt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Molecular evolution patterns reveal life history features of mycoplasma-related endobacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 3485-3500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Toomer ◽  
Xiuhua Chen ◽  
Mizue Naito ◽  
Stephen J. Mondo ◽  
Henk C. den Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Homo- and Dikaryons of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Differ in Life History Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Umberto Serghi ◽  
Vasilis Kokkoris ◽  
Calvin Cornell ◽  
Jeremy Dettman ◽  
Franck Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Symbiotic Functioning

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant symbionts that have the potential to improve crop yield. These multinucleate organisms are either “homokaryotic” or “dikaryotic”. In AMF dikaryons, thousands of nuclei originating from two parental strains coexist in the same cytoplasm. In other fungi, homokaryotic and dikaryotic strains show distinct life history traits (LHTs), such as variation in growth rates and fitness. However, how such traits compare between dikaryons and homokaryons of AMF is unknown. To address this, we measured 20 LHT of four dikaryons and five homokaryons of the model fungus Rhizophagus irregularis across root organ cultures of three host plants (carrot, chicory, and tobacco). Our analyses show that dikaryons have clearly distinct life history strategies (LHSs) compared to homokaryons. In particular, spores of homokaryons germinate faster and to a higher proportion than dikaryons, whereas dikaryons grow significantly faster and create a more complex hyphal network irrespective of host plant species. Our study links AMF nuclear status with key LHT with possible implications for mycorrhizal symbiotic functioning.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic trait conservatism and the evolution of functional trade-offs in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1676) ◽  
pp. 4237-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff R. Powell ◽  
Jeri L. Parrent ◽  
Miranda M. Hart ◽  
John N. Klironomos ◽  
Matthias C. Rillig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Trade Offs

The diversity of functional and life-history traits of organisms depends on adaptation as well as the legacy of shared ancestry. Although the evolution of traits in macro-organisms is well studied, relatively little is known about character evolution in micro-organisms. Here, we surveyed an ancient and ecologically important group of microbial plant symbionts, the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and tested hypotheses about the evolution of functional and life-history traits. Variation in the extent of root and soil colonization by AM fungi is constrained to a few nodes basal to the most diverse groups within the phylum, with relatively little variation associated with recent divergences. We found no evidence for a trade-off in biomass allocated to root versus soil colonization in three published glasshouse experiments; rather these traits were positively correlated. Partial support was observed for correlated evolution between fungal colonization strategies and functional benefits of the symbiosis to host plants. The evolution of increased soil colonization was positively correlated with total plant biomass and shoot phosphorus content. Although the effect of AM fungi on infection by root pathogens was phylogenetically conserved, there was no evidence for correlated evolution between the extent of AM fungal root colonization and pathogen infection. Variability in colonization strategies evolved early in the diversification of AM fungi, and we propose that these strategies were influenced by functional interactions with host plants, resulting in an evolutionary stasis resembling trait conservatism.

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