Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid content of serum and red blood cell membrane phospholipids of preterm infants fed breast milk, standard formula or formula supplemented with n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boehm ◽  
M. Borte ◽  
H. J. Böhles ◽  
H. Müller ◽  
G. Kohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Characterization of plasma unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines in human and rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine CROSET ◽  
Nicole BROSSARD ◽  
Anne POLETTE ◽  
Michel LAGARDE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Tissue Uptake ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Group Shift

Unsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPtdCho) bound to albumin circulate in blood plasma and seem to be a novel transport system for carrying polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to tissues that are rich in these fatty acids, such as the brain. The potential of these lysoPtdCho as a significant source of PUFA for cells has been assessed by comparing their plasma concentration with that of unsaturated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) bound to albumin. In humans, the PUFA concentration was 25.9±3.1 nmol/ml for these lysoPtdCho, compared with 33.4±9.6 nmol/ml for NEFA; in rats the equivalent values are 14.2±0.6 and 13.1±1.1 nmol/ml respectively (means±S.E.M.). The lysoPtdCho arachidonic acid content was 2-fold (human) and 5-fold (rat) higher than that of NEFA. In human and rat plasma, unsaturated lysoPtdCho were associated mainly with albumin rather than lipoproteins. The rate and extent of the acyl group shift from the sn-2 to sn-1 position of these lysoPtdCho were studied by the incubation of 1-lyso,2-[14C]C18:2n-6-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) with plasma. The rapid isomerization of this lipid occurred at pH 7 (20% isomerization within 2 min) and was not prevented by its association with albumin. The position of the acyl group in the lysoPtdCho circulating in plasma was studied by collecting blood directly in organic solvents containing 1-lyso,2-[14C]C18:2n-6-GPC as a marker of isomerization that occurred during sampling and analysis. Approx. 50% of the PUFA was located at the sn-2 position, demonstrating that substantial concentrations of 2-acyl-lysoPtdCho are present in plasma and are available for tissue uptake, where they can be reacylated at the sn-1 position to form membrane phospholipids.

scholarly journals Arachidonic Acid in Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Salem ◽  
Peter Van Dael
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Long Chain

Breastfeeding is universally recommended as the optimal choice of infant feeding and consequently human milk has been extensively investigated to unravel its unique nutrient profile. The human milk lipid composition is unique and supplies specifically long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), in particular, arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n–6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3). Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the most predominant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in human milk, albeit at low concentrations as compared to other fatty acids. It occurs predominantly in the triglyceride form and to a lesser extent as milk fat globule membrane phospholipids. Human milk ARA levels are modulated by dietary intake as demonstrated by animal and human studies and consequently vary dependent on dietary habits among mothers and regions across the globe. ARA serves as a precursor to eicosanoids and endocannabinoids that also occur in human milk. A review of scientific and clinical studies reveals that ARA plays an important role in physiological development and its related functions during early life nutrition. Therefore, ARA is an important nutrient during infancy and childhood and, as such, appropriate attention is required regarding its nutritional status and presence in the infant diet. Data are emerging indicating considerable genetic variation in encoding for desaturases and other essential fatty acid metabolic enzymes that may influence the ARA level as well as other LC-PUFAs. Human milk from well-nourished mothers has adequate levels of both ARA and DHA to support nutritional and developmental needs of infants. In case breastfeeding is not possible and infant formula is being fed, experts recommend that both ARA and DHA are added at levels present in human milk.

scholarly journals Intestinal absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm infants fed breast milk or formula

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
V P Carnielli ◽  
G Verlato ◽  
F Pederzini ◽  
I Luijendijk ◽  
A Boerlage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Long Chain

Olive or salmon oils affect differently the storage and transport of fatty acids by VLDL in hypercholesterolemic rats fed different proteins

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherazede Bouderbala ◽  
Malika Bouchenak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of olive or salmon oil on the hepatic storage and transport of fatty acids by very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 24 male Wistar rats (80 ± 5 g) were fed a 0.5 per cent cholesterol-enriched diet with either 20 per cent casein (C) or chickpea (CP) proteins with 10 per cent olive (O) or salmon (S) oil for 28 days. Findings – In VLDL-triacyglycerols fatty acids, oleic acid content was higher in CPS as compared to that in CS or CPO and lower in CS and CPO than that in CO; linoleic acid content was higher in all groups; arachidonic acid content was higher in CS and CPO as compared to that in CO. In the liver, TG fatty acids content was lower in CPO or CPS as compared to that in CO or CS; oleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CPO; linoleic acid content was lower in CS, CPS and CPO than that in CO, CPO and CO. In liver, phospholipid fatty acid, oleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CS; oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPO compared to that in CO. In liver, cholesteryl esters fatty acids, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids contents were higher in CPS as compared to that in CS; oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CS as compared to that in CO; linoleic and arachidonic acid contents were lower in CPS than that in CPO. Originality/value – A cholesterol-enriched diet containing casein or chickpea proteins combined with olive or salmon oil affects the hepatic storage and transport of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids by VLDL.

Controversy in fatty acid balance

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Van Aerde ◽  
M. T. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Long Chain

It is uncertain whether preterm infants can synthesize C20 and C22 (ω−6) and (ω−3) fatty acids required for structural lipids. Dietary intake of CI8:2ω−6 and C18:3ω−3 in formulae lacking long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can result in reduced levels of C20 and C22 homologues in membrane phospholipids as compared with breast-fed infants. Supplementation of fish oil has been shown to alleviate this problem in part only, as synthesis and incorporation of arachidonic acid into membrane phospholipids is reduced. Presently, infant formulae do not contain C20 and C22 fatty acids. Feeding an experimental infant formula with a balance between C20 and C22 (ω−6) and (ω−3) fatty acids within the range of human milk results in plasma phospholipid levels of C20 and C22 long-chain polyunsaturated (ω−6) and (ω−3) fatty acids similar to those in breast-fed infants. On the basis of clinical studies and evolutionary data, an increase of the linolenic and a decrease of the linoleic acid content in infant formula are suggested. Balanced incorporation of both (ω−6) and (ω−3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids seems advisable in view of the lack of knowledge concerning the neonate's ability to chain elongate and desaturate essential fatty acids. Recommendations for the essential fatty acid content of preterm infant formula are suggested.Key words: essential fatty acids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, infant formula, fish oil, desaturation.

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