The influence of either no fluid or carbohydrate-electrolyte fluid ingestion and the environment (thermoneutral versus hot and humid) on running economy after prolonged, high-intensity exercise

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sproule
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Fluid Ingestion

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Running Economy in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio de Oliveira Assumpção ◽  
Leonardo Coelho Rabello Lima ◽  
Felipe Bruno Dias Oliveira ◽  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
Benedito Sérgio Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exercise Induced

Running economy (RE), defined as the energy demand for a given velocity of submaximal running, has been identified as a critical factor of overall distance running performance. Plyometric and resistance trainings, performed during a relatively short period of time (~15–30 days), have been successfully used to improve RE in trained athletes. However, these exercise types, particularly when they are unaccustomed activities for the individuals, may cause delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling, and reduced muscle strength. Some studies have demonstrated that exercise-induced muscle damage has a negative impact on endurance running performance. Specifically, the muscular damage induced by an acute bout of downhill running has been shown to reduce RE during subsequent moderate and high-intensity exercise (>65% VO2max). However, strength exercise (i.e., jumps, isoinertial and isokinetic eccentric exercises) seems to impair RE only for subsequent high-intensity exercise (~90% VO2max). Finally, a single session of resistance exercise or downhill running (i.e., repeated bout effect) attenuates changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and blunts changes in RE.

Noninvasive ventilation can modulate heart rate variability during high-intensity exercise in COPD-CHF patients

Heart & Lung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
Giovana Salgado Baffa ◽  
Cássia da Luz Goulart ◽  
Flávia Rossi Caruso ◽  
Adriana S. Garcia de Araújo ◽  
Polliana Batista dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Noninvasive Ventilation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise

scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death Risk in Downhill Skiers and Mountain Hikers and Specific Prevention Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Josef Niebauer ◽  
Martin Burtscher
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Downhill Skiing

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) still represents an unanticipated and catastrophic event eliciting from cardiac causes. SCD is the leading cause of non-traumatic deaths during downhill skiing and mountain hiking, related to the fact that these sports are very popular among elderly people. Annually, more than 40 million downhill skiers and mountain hikers/climbers visit mountainous regions of the Alps, including an increasing number of individuals with pre-existing chronic diseases. Data sets from two previously published case-control studies have been used to draw comparisons between the SCD risk of skiers and hikers. Data of interest included demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, medical history, physical activity, and additional symptoms and circumstances of sudden death for cases. To establish a potential connection between the SCD risk and sport-specific physical strain, data on cardiorespiratory responses to downhill skiing and mountain hiking, assessed in middle-aged men and women, have been included. It was demonstrated that previous myocardial infarction (MI) (odds ratio; 95% CI: 92.8; 22.8–379.1; p < 0.001) and systemic hypertension (9.0; 4.0–20.6; p < 0.001) were predominant risk factors for SCD in skiers, but previous MI (10.9; 3.8–30.9; p < 0.001) and metabolic disorders like hypercholesterolemia (3.4; 2.2–5.2; p < 0.001) and diabetes (7.4; 1.6–34.3; p < 0.001) in hikers. More weekly high-intensity exercise was protective in skiers (0.17; 0.04–0.74; p = 0.02), while larger amounts of mountain sports activities per year were protective in hikers (0.23; 0.1–0.4; <0.001). In conclusion, previous MI history represents the most important risk factor for SCD in recreational skiers and hikers as well, and adaptation to high-intensity exercise is especially important to prevent SCD in skiers. Moreover, the presented differences in risk factor patterns for SCDs and discussed requirements for physical fitness in skiers and hikers will help physicians to provide specifically targeted advice.

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