Increased immunoreactivity for integrin β5 subunit in suprabasal cell layers in regenerating epidermis

2001 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
T. Leivo ◽  
Ismo Virtanen ◽  
Aarne Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers

scholarly journals Rapid and efficient generation of PCR-derived riboprobe templates for in situ hybridization histochemistry.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Sitzmann ◽  
P K LeMotte
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Negative Controls

In situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) using cRNA probes (riboprobes) has become a powerful technique for the examination of gene expression in tissue sections. The construction of plasmid templates for the synthesis of riboprobes with phage RNA polymerases is often a difficult and time-consuming step. We have therefore developed a rapid, efficient, and flexible method to generate totally artificial riboprobe templates by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We have made riboprobe templates using self-priming oligonucleotide primers spanning 146 BP of the 3' end of the human cytokeratin 1 (K1) gene coding region flanked by T7 and T3 promoters. These PCR-derived riboprobe templates were used to synthesize 35S-labeled anti-sense riboprobes as well as sense riboprobes as negative controls. The riboprobes were then applied in ISH to human skin sections made from routinely fixed and paraffin-embedded clinical biopsy material. Consistent with published results, we observed strong expression of K1 mRNA in the suprabasal cell layers of the epidermis but only weak to undetectable signals in the basal and cornified cell layers and in the dermis. With this experimental procedure we see no decrease in probe efficiency or quality compared to conventional methods. The use of PCR-derived riboprobe templates for ISH makes it possible to detect expression of any desired gene of known sequence rapidly and efficiently.

scholarly journals Interleukin-17 pathway activation in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Cassimeris ◽  
Julie B. Engiles ◽  
Hannah Galantino-Homer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Disease Stages

AbstractSupporting Limb Laminitis (SLL) is a painful and crippling secondary complication of orthopedic injuries and infections in horses, often resulting in euthanasia. Due to altered weight bearing, SLL causes structural alternations and inflammation of the interdigitating layers of specialized epidermal and dermal tissues, the lamellae, which suspend the equine distal phalanx from the hoof capsule. Activation of the interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dependent inflammatory pathway is an epidermal stress response that contributes to physiologic cutaneous wound healing as well as pathological skin conditions. To test the hypothesis that IL-17 pathway activation is involved in equine epidermal lamellae in SLL, we analyzed the expression of the IL-17 receptor subunit A and 11 genes upregulated by IL-17 in lamellar tissue isolated from Thoroughbreds euthanized due to naturally occurring SLL and in age and breed matched non-laminitic controls. The IL-17 Receptor A subunit was expressed in both non-laminitic and laminitic tissues. In severe acute SLL (n=7) compared to non-laminitic controls (n=8), quantitative PCR demonstrated ∼20-100 fold upregulation of ß defensin 4 (E. caballus gene DEFB4B) and S100A9 genes. DEFB4B was also upregulated in developmental (n=8), moderate acute (n=7), and severe chronic (n=5) samples. By RT-PCR, S100A8, MMP9, and PTSG2 (COX2) expression was upregulated in most or all severe acute SLL samples, whereas several other genes, CCL2, CxCL8, TNFα, IL6 and MMP1 were detected in some, but not all, severe acute samples. PTGS2, CCL2, TNFα and IL6 were also expressed in some, but not all, developmental and moderate acute disease stages. Moreover, expression of DEFB4 by in situ hybridization and calprotectin (S100A9/S100A8) protein by immunofluorescence was detected in keratinocytes, primarily in suprabasal cell layers, from SLL samples. These data support the hypothesis that the IL-17 inflammatory pathway is active in equine SLL, and that similarities exist between equine and human epidermal tissue responses to stresses and/or damage.

scholarly journals Restricted tissue distribution of a 37-kD possible adherens junction protein.

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1689-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Chiu ◽  
J C Jones ◽  
E J O'Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Insoluble Pellet

A major polypeptide of M(r) 37,000 was purified from a desmosome-enriched citric acid-insoluble pellet of pig tongue epithelium. The polypeptide was solubilized from the 4-M urea-insoluble pellet with 9 M urea, and extracts were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose and gel filtration chromatography. The 37-kD protein was obtained in milligram quantities as a single band on two-dimensional gels in 30% yield after 21-fold purification from the citric acid-insoluble fraction. The protein is not glycosylated and has a pI of approximately 8.7. Although isolated from a fraction rich in desmosomes, the 37-kD protein is not a desmosomal protein. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of frozen sections of tongue and other tissues demonstrated that antibodies raised to the 37-kD protein bound only to suprabasal cell layers at punctate regions of the periphery of the cell and was absent from most regions of epidermis, whereas antibodies to desmoplakins I and II, desmosomal proteins, bound similarly but in all epidermal layers. Immunoelectron microscopy localized the 37-kD protein to the cell periphery in regions between, but never in, desmosomes. By immunofluorescence, the 37-kD protein colocalized with actin as well as with vinculin and uvomorulin in oral tissues. Like the 37-kD protein, vinculin and uvomorulin were absent from the basal layer. Based on its appearance, localization, and solubility properties, the 37-kD protein is probably a component of adherens junctions; its restriction to suprabasal cells and exclusion from the epidermis are unique.

scholarly journals Interleukin-17A pathway target genes are upregulated in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0232920
Author(s):  
Lynne Cassimeris ◽  
Julie B. Engiles ◽  
Hannah Galantino-Homer
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
Skin Conditions

Supporting Limb Laminitis (SLL) is a painful and crippling secondary complication of orthopedic injuries and infections in horses, often resulting in euthanasia. SLL causes structural alterations and inflammation of the interdigitating layers of specialized epidermal and dermal tissues, the lamellae, which suspend the equine distal phalanx from the hoof capsule. Activation of the interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-dependent inflammatory pathway is an epidermal stress response that contributes to physiologic cutaneous wound healing as well as pathological skin conditions. As a first test of the hypothesis that hoof lamellae of horses diagnosed with SLL also respond to stress by activating the IL-17A pathway, the expression of IL-17A, IL-17 receptor subunit A and 11 IL-17A effector genes was measured by RT-PCR or qPCR. Lamellar tissue was isolated from Thoroughbreds euthanized due to naturally occurring SLL and in age and breed matched non-laminitic controls. By RT-PCR, the IL-17 Receptor A subunit was expressed in both non-laminitic and laminitic tissues, while IL-17A was primarily detectable in laminitic tissues. IL-17A target gene expression was undetectable in non-laminitic samples with the exception of weak detection of DEFB4B, S100A9 and PTSG2. In contrast, all target genes examined, except CCL20, were expressed by some or all laminitic samples. By qPCR, severe acute (n = 7) SLL expressed ~15–100 fold higher levels of DEFB4B and S100A9 genes compared to non-laminitic controls (n = 8). DEFB4B was also upregulated in developmental/subclinical (n = 8) and moderate acute (n = 7) by ~ 5-fold, and in severe chronic (n = 5) by ~15–200 fold. In situ hybridization (DEFB4) and immunofluorescence (calprotectin, a dimer of S100A9/S100A8 proteins) demonstrated expression in keratinocytes, primarily in suprabasal cell layers, from SLL samples. These data demonstrate upregulation of a cohort of IL-17A target genes in SLL and support the hypothesis that similarities in the response to stresses and damage exist between equine and human epidermal tissues.

scholarly journals Assessment of Proliferative Potential of Odontogenic Keratocyst and Dentigerous Cyst using Podoplanin: An Immunohistochemical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Rao ◽  
Aparna Paliwal ◽  
Shekhar Grover ◽  
Sandeep Gupta ◽  
Nidhi Choudaha
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocyst ◽  
Odontogenic Cysts ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
The Social ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Podoplanin Expression

ABSTRACT Introduction Odontogenic cysts are commonly encountered lesions among head and neck pathologies. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has unique features of recurrence and local aggressiveness. Podoplanin (PDP) is a lymphatic endothelial marker and is shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues. Hence, we planned to assess the significance of PDP in OKC and dentigerous cyst (DC). Materials and methods The present study included assessment of immunoexpression of PDP in OKC and DC. Twenty specimens each of OKC and DC were included in the present study and were stained with D2-40 antibody. All the sections were analyzed and were categorized as negative staining, weakly positive staining, and strongly positive staining. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results We detected PDP-positive staining in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the cells of basal cell layer and suprabasal cell layers. In DC cases, we observed positive staining only in cases associated with inflammation. Conclusion Podoplanin does play a significant role in enhancing the local invasive and neoplastic properties of OKC. Clinical significance Podoplanin expression in OKC is potentially associated with moderate invasive nature of the neighboring structures. How to cite this article Gupta S, Paliwal A, Choudaha N, Gupta A, Rao P, Grover S. Assessment of Proliferative Potential of Odontogenic Keratocyst and Dentigerous Cyst using Podoplanin: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1173-1176.

scholarly journals Gingival depigmentation with scalpel and diode laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Ayush Khatri ◽  
Archi ◽  
Priyanka ◽  
Manish Khatri ◽  
Mansi Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Semiconductor Diode ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Co Laser ◽  
Semiconductor Diode Laser ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suprabasal Cell ◽  
Cell Layers

Melanin, a nonhemoglobin-derived brown pigment, is the most common of the endogenous pigments and is produced by melanocytes present in the basal layer of the epithelium. Gingival hyperpigmentation is caused by excessive deposition of melanin located in the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the epithelium. Pigmentation of gingiva not just has an impact on esthetics but also creates psychological negativity. Though a wide range of techniques are available to manage this condition. Depigmentation procedures such as scalpel surgery, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemical agents such as 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, abrasion with diamond bur, Nd: YAG laser, semiconductor diode laser, and CO laser have been employed for removal of melanin hyper pigmentation. The following case report describes two different surgical depigmentation techniques scalpel technique and lasers. Better results of depigmentation were achieved with diode laser than conventional scalpel with respect to esthetics and less postoperative discomfort.

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

scholarly journals Intermittent Fasting Ameliorated High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression in Brain

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Suzan M. Hazzaa ◽  
Mabrouk A. Abd Eldaim ◽  
Amira A. Fouda ◽  
Asmaa Shams El Dein Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cell Layers

Intermittent fasting (IF) plays an important role in the protection against metabolic syndrome-induced memory defects. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of both prophylactic and curative IF against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced memory defects in rats. The control group received a normal diet; the second group received a HFD; the third group was fed a HFD for 12 weeks and subjected to IF during the last four weeks (curative IF); the fourth group was fed a HFD and subjected to IF simultaneously (prophylactic IF). A high-fat diet significantly increased body weight, serum lipids levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and H score in brain tissue and altered memory performance. In addition, it significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in brain tissue and viability and thickness of pyramidal and hippocampus granular cell layers. However, both types of IF significantly decreased body weight, serum lipids, GFAP protein expression and H score and MDA concentration in brain tissue, and improved memory performance, while it significantly increased GSH concentration in brain tissue, viability, and thickness of pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus. This study indicated that IF ameliorated HFD-induced memory disturbance and brain tissue damage and the prophylactic IF was more potent than curative IF.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage uptake by mammalian cell layers represents a potential sink that may impact phage therapy

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 102287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion C. Bichet ◽  
Wai Hoe Chin ◽  
William Richards ◽  
Yu-Wei Lin ◽  
Laura Avellaneda-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Cell Layers
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