scholarly journals A box model study of the Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Arctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Robitaille ◽  
Lawrence A. Mysak ◽  
Mark S. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals A box model study of the Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Arctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Robitaille ◽  
Lawrence A. Mysak ◽  
Mark S. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals Water-mass formation and distribution in the Nordic Seas during the 1990s

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Blindheim ◽  
Francisco Rey
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Salinity Increase

Abstract Hydrographic, oxygen and nutrient data collected in the Nordic Seas during the 1990s are presented. During the decade, deep waters originating from the Arctic Ocean, identified by salinities in excess of 34.9, spread into the Greenland Basin. In 1991, these waters extended westward from the mid-ocean ridge to about 2°E. This process continued over time and by 1993 there was a layer with salinities above 34.9 along the entire section, between 7.6°W and the Barents Sea Slope, and probably across the whole basin. In 2000 the basin had these high salinities at depths greater than 1400 m. At 1500 m in the central basin the salinity increase during the decade was 0.012 units, decreasing to 0.006 at 3000 m, and associated temperatures increased by 0.28 and 0.09°C, respectively. This warming more than compensated for the salinity increase so that the density of the deep water decreased during the decade, σ3 decreasing by 0.027 kg m−3 at 1500 m and by 0.006 kg m−3 at 3000 m. Decreasing oxygen content and increasing concentrations of silicate further indicated the increasing influence of Arctic Ocean Deep Water. Interaction with the atmosphere is decisive for the conditions in the area. In the central Greenland Sea there is close correlation between wind forcing and upper-layer salinity. Significant deep-water formation occurs only during cold winters, or rather, in periods with several succeeding cold winters and the 1960s were the first period in which these conditions occurred since 1920. This is shown by meteorological observations at Jan Mayen since 1921, and at Stykkisholmur, Iceland, since 1823. Relatively high salinities were observed near the bottom over the Iceland Plateau. These waters seem to be derived from Arctic Ocean deep waters that have been diverted from the East Greenland Current, into the East Icelandic Current. While flowing through the Iceland Sea their nutrient concentration increases considerably. This water flows into the Norwegian Basin where it forms a slight salinity maximum around 1500 m, which is associated with a minimum in oxygen content. At greater depths the water masses are from the Greenland Sea. The salinity decreases and the oxygen increases toward approximately 2500 m, from where the trends are reversed toward a slight salinity maximum around 3000 m, where there also is a minimum in oxygen as well as in CFC-11. These characteristics seem to derive from Arctic Ocean Deep Water, floating above waters more characterized by Greenland Sea Bottom water nearest to the bottom as suggested by decreasing salinity and an increase in both oxygen and CFC-11 concentration. This shows that even the very homogeneous Norwegian Sea Deep Water is stratified. There are also slight differences between the deep waters of the basins in the Norwegian Sea. In the Norwegian Basin the deep water has slightly higher salinity, lower dissolved oxygen and higher silicates than the deep water in the Lofoten Basin, and even more so compared with the area west of Bear Island. This shows that the Lofoten Basin and the northern Norwegian Sea are more directly influenced by waters from the Greenland Sea than the Norwegian Basin.

scholarly journals A multi-box model study of the role of the biospheric metabolism in the recent decline of δ18O in atmospheric CO2

Tellus B ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
Misa Ishizawa ◽  
Takakiyo Nakazawa ◽  
Kaz Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals Seabird and Marine Mammal at-sea Distribution in the Norwegian, Greenland and Wandel Seas, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Fulmarus Glacialis ◽  
Ivory Gull ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
North Greenland

Quantitative seabird and marine mammal at-sea distribution was determined in the Norwegian, Greenland and Wandel seas in August 2018 on board the icebreaking RV Polarstern. A total of 7,380 seabirds belonging to 25 species were tallied during 380 transect counts lasting 30 minute each, i.e. a mean value of 19 per count. Cetaceans were represented by seven species (mean of 0.1 per count) and pinnipeds by four species (0.1 per count). Numbers of seabird species and of individuals were low in the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea (12 and 14 species, 4 and 8 individuals per count). They were especially low in the Wandel Sea off North Greenland: seven seabird species (2 individuals per count), mainly ivory gull Pagophila eburnea and fulmar Fulmarus glacialis. Cetaceans were absent and pinnipeds represented by three species only (0.3 per count). These concentrations are extremely low even when compared to other areas of the high Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Coastal carbon transfer in the past – a box model study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Kruijt ◽  
Jack Middelburg ◽  
Appy Sluijs
Keyword(s):  
Box Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Carbon Transfer

Polar outflow from the Arctic Ocean: A high resolution model study

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgeny Aksenov ◽  
Sheldon Bacon ◽  
Andrew C. Coward ◽  
N. Penny Holliday
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Study ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
High Resolution Model

Effect of opening the Drake Passage on the oceanic general circulation: A box model study

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
QiuLi Shao ◽  
XianYao Chen ◽  
RuiXin Huang
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Model Study

Isotopic composition of plutonium in the bottom deposits of the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea and identification of the sources of contaminationhearder

Atomic Energy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Stepanov ◽  
O. S. Tsvetkov ◽  
V. P. Tishkov ◽  
B. N. Belyaev ◽  
V. D. Domkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Bottom Deposits

scholarly journals The distribution of the fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen, 1902

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Ingvar Byrkjedal ◽  
Gunnar Langhelle ◽  
Jørgen Schou Christiansen ◽  
Oleg V. Karamushko
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
East Side ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
First Time

The range of the rarely caught fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus has been considered restricted to the waters off East Greenland and Northeast Iceland.  For the first time the species is recorded from the east side of the Norwegian Sea, and also it is found further north in the Greenland Sea than previously known. Mapping all the corroborated specimens known indicates that the species seems confined to the continental slopes of the Nordic Seas, where it is found in waters with a temperature below zero and a depth of more than 900 m. Depth distribution shows almost no overlap with the closely related sympatric Cottunculus microps, perhaps as a result of competitive exclusion.

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