Isotopic composition of plutonium in the bottom deposits of the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea and identification of the sources of contaminationhearder

Atomic Energy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Stepanov ◽  
O. S. Tsvetkov ◽  
V. P. Tishkov ◽  
B. N. Belyaev ◽  
V. D. Domkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Bottom Deposits

scholarly journals The distribution of the fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus Jensen, 1902

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Ingvar Byrkjedal ◽  
Gunnar Langhelle ◽  
Jørgen Schou Christiansen ◽  
Oleg V. Karamushko
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
East Side ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
First Time

The range of the rarely caught fathead sculpin species Cottunculus subspinosus has been considered restricted to the waters off East Greenland and Northeast Iceland.  For the first time the species is recorded from the east side of the Norwegian Sea, and also it is found further north in the Greenland Sea than previously known. Mapping all the corroborated specimens known indicates that the species seems confined to the continental slopes of the Nordic Seas, where it is found in waters with a temperature below zero and a depth of more than 900 m. Depth distribution shows almost no overlap with the closely related sympatric Cottunculus microps, perhaps as a result of competitive exclusion.

scholarly journals A box model study of the Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Arctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Robitaille ◽  
Lawrence A. Mysak ◽  
Mark S. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals Water-mass formation and distribution in the Nordic Seas during the 1990s

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Blindheim ◽  
Francisco Rey
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Nordic Seas ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Salinity Increase

Abstract Hydrographic, oxygen and nutrient data collected in the Nordic Seas during the 1990s are presented. During the decade, deep waters originating from the Arctic Ocean, identified by salinities in excess of 34.9, spread into the Greenland Basin. In 1991, these waters extended westward from the mid-ocean ridge to about 2°E. This process continued over time and by 1993 there was a layer with salinities above 34.9 along the entire section, between 7.6°W and the Barents Sea Slope, and probably across the whole basin. In 2000 the basin had these high salinities at depths greater than 1400 m. At 1500 m in the central basin the salinity increase during the decade was 0.012 units, decreasing to 0.006 at 3000 m, and associated temperatures increased by 0.28 and 0.09°C, respectively. This warming more than compensated for the salinity increase so that the density of the deep water decreased during the decade, σ3 decreasing by 0.027 kg m−3 at 1500 m and by 0.006 kg m−3 at 3000 m. Decreasing oxygen content and increasing concentrations of silicate further indicated the increasing influence of Arctic Ocean Deep Water. Interaction with the atmosphere is decisive for the conditions in the area. In the central Greenland Sea there is close correlation between wind forcing and upper-layer salinity. Significant deep-water formation occurs only during cold winters, or rather, in periods with several succeeding cold winters and the 1960s were the first period in which these conditions occurred since 1920. This is shown by meteorological observations at Jan Mayen since 1921, and at Stykkisholmur, Iceland, since 1823. Relatively high salinities were observed near the bottom over the Iceland Plateau. These waters seem to be derived from Arctic Ocean deep waters that have been diverted from the East Greenland Current, into the East Icelandic Current. While flowing through the Iceland Sea their nutrient concentration increases considerably. This water flows into the Norwegian Basin where it forms a slight salinity maximum around 1500 m, which is associated with a minimum in oxygen content. At greater depths the water masses are from the Greenland Sea. The salinity decreases and the oxygen increases toward approximately 2500 m, from where the trends are reversed toward a slight salinity maximum around 3000 m, where there also is a minimum in oxygen as well as in CFC-11. These characteristics seem to derive from Arctic Ocean Deep Water, floating above waters more characterized by Greenland Sea Bottom water nearest to the bottom as suggested by decreasing salinity and an increase in both oxygen and CFC-11 concentration. This shows that even the very homogeneous Norwegian Sea Deep Water is stratified. There are also slight differences between the deep waters of the basins in the Norwegian Sea. In the Norwegian Basin the deep water has slightly higher salinity, lower dissolved oxygen and higher silicates than the deep water in the Lofoten Basin, and even more so compared with the area west of Bear Island. This shows that the Lofoten Basin and the northern Norwegian Sea are more directly influenced by waters from the Greenland Sea than the Norwegian Basin.

scholarly journals Pelagic processes and vertical flux of particles: an overview of a long-term comparative study in the Norwegian Sea and Greenland Sea

1995 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. von Bodungen ◽  
A. Antia ◽  
E. Bauerfeind ◽  
O. Haupt ◽  
W. Koeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Vertical Flux ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea

scholarly journals A box model study of the Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, and Arctic Ocean

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Robitaille ◽  
Lawrence A. Mysak ◽  
Mark S. Darby
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals Transports and Accumulations of Greenland Sea Intermediate Waters in the Norwegian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Jinping Zhao ◽  
Tore Hattermann ◽  
Long Lin ◽  
Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Intermediate Waters

scholarly journals 14C Profiles in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas by Conventional and AMS Measurements

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Nydal ◽  
Jorunn Gislefoss ◽  
Ingunn Skjelvan ◽  
Fred Skogseth ◽  
A. J. T. Jull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Greenland Sea ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Radioactive Carbon ◽  
Nuclear Tests

CO2 in the atmosphere is an important climate gas because of its absorption of infrared radiation. More knowledge about CO2 uptake in the ocean is of critical significance in predicting future climate development. For a period of approximately 30 years, radioactive carbon from nuclear tests has been a very useful tracer in CO2 exchange studies. Up to now, the measurements have been based mainly on the conventional counting technique with large CO2 samples (ca. 5 liters). Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) with small CO2 samples (1–2 ml) has made sampling much easier, and has especially stimulated the use of 14C as a tracer in the ocean.At higher latitudes, the ocean acts as a sink for CO2. In addition to Δ14C measurements, we are concerned here with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and δ13C in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas. During cruises in 1989 and 1990, we obtained several Δ14C profiles, and also repeated a few GEOSECS profiles taken in 1972. The shape of these profiles changes with time, and provides information about the mixing rate and the age of the deep water. From changes in the profiles, it appears that the deep water in the Greenland Sea has obtained about 25% of the 14C concentration in the ocean surface over a period of 25 years. The Norwegian Sea deepwater is estimated to be 50–100 years older than that of the Greenland Sea.

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