Arginine ammonification assay as a rapid index of gross N mineralization in agricultural soils

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Bonde ◽  
Tommy Nielsen ◽  
Morten Miller ◽  
Jan Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Gross N Mineralization ◽  
Arginine Ammonification

How does simulated climate change affect the susceptibility of SOM to priming by LMWOS in the Subarctic?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Na ◽  
Mingyue Yuan ◽  
Lettice Hicks ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Gross N Mineralization ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Simulated Climate Change

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization plays an important role in the long-term storage of carbon (C). However, many ecosystems are undergoing climate change, which will change the soil C balance via altered plant communities and productivity that change C inputs, and altered C losses via changes in SOM decomposition. The ongoing change of aboveground plant communities in the Subarctic (“greening”) will increase rhizosphere inputs containing low molecular weight organic substances (LMWOS), which will likely affect C-starved microbial decomposers and their subsequent contribution to SOM mineralization (priming effect).In the present study, we simulated the effects of climate change with N fertilization (simulating warming enhanced nutrient cycling) and litter additions (simulating arctic greening) in Abisko, Sweden. The 6 sampled field-treatments included a full factorial combination of 3-years of chronic N addition and litter additions, as well as, a single year of extreme climate change (3x N fertilizer or litter additions in one growth season). We found that N treatments changed plant community composition and productivityand that the associated shift in belowground LMWOS induced shifts in the soil microbial community. In the chronic N fertilization treatments, plant productivity, and therefore belowground LMWOS input, increased. This coincided with a tendency for more bacterial dominated decomposition (lower fungi/bacterial growth ratio). However, N treatments had no effect on soil C mineralization, but increased gross N mineralization.</p><p>These responses in belowground communities and processes driven by rhizosphere input prompted the next question: how does simulated climate change affect the susceptibility of SOM to priming by LMWOS? To assess this question and determine the microbial mechanisms underpinning priming of SOM mineralization, we added a factorial set of additions including <sup>13</sup>C-glucose with and without mineral N, and <sup>13</sup>C-alanine semi-continuously (every 48 hours) to simulate the effect of rhizosphere LMWOS on SOM mineralization and microbial activity. We incubated these samples for 2 weeks and assessed the priming of soil C and gross N mineralization, bacterial and fungal growth rates, PLFAs, enzyme activities, and microbial C use efficiency (CUE). We found that alanine addition primed soil C mineralization by 34%, which was higher than soil C priming induced by glucose and glucose with N. Furthermore, glucose primed fungal growth, whereas the alanine primed bacterial growth, but microbial PLFAs did not respond to either treatment. The C enzyme acquisition activity was higher than N enzyme acquisition activity in all the treatments, while P enzyme acquisition activity was higher than C for all the treatments. Surprisingly, this suggested a chronic microbial limitation by P, which was unaffected by field and lab treatments. LMWOS additions generally reduced microbial CUE. Responses of microbial mineralization of N from SOM to LMWOS suggested a directed microbial effort towards targeting resources that limited bacterial or fungal growth, suggesting that microbial SOM-use shifted to N-rich components (selective microbial “N-mining”), in contrast with enzyme results. Surprisingly, alanine primed the highest N mineralization compared other additions indicating that there was strong N-mining even if N was sufficient.</p>

Seasonal trends of gross N mineralization in a natural calcareous grassland

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Jamieson ◽  
RosS. Monaghan ◽  
Declan Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Gross N Mineralization ◽  
Seasonal Trends

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability in Biochar-Amended Soils with Excessive Compost Application

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chi Tsai ◽  
Yu-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Mineralization Potential ◽  
The Impact

Adding biochar to excessive compost amendments may affect compost mineralization rate and nitrogen (N) availability. The objective of this 371-day incubation study was to evaluate the effects of four proportions of woody biochar (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) from lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) biochar produced at 750 °C through dynamic mineral N and N mineralization rates in three rural soils (one Oxisol and two Inceptisols). In each treatment, 5% poultry–livestock manure compost was added to serve as an excessive application. The results indicated that the biochar decreased available total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) (NO3−-N+NH4+-N) by on average 6%, 9% and 19% for 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% treatments, respectively. The soil type strongly influenced the impact of the biochar addition on the soil nitrogen mineralization potential, especially the soil pH and clay content. This study showed that the co-application of biochar and excessive compost benefited the agricultural soils by improving NO3−-N retention in agroecosystems. The application of biochar to these soils to combine it with excessive compost appeared to be an effective method of utilizing these soil amendments, as it diminished the net N mineralization potential and reduced the nitrate loss of the excessive added compost.

scholarly journals The biodiversity - N cycle relationship: a 15N tracer experiment with soil from plant mixtures of varying diversity to model N pool sizes and transformation rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Lama ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Moritz F. Lehmann ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Odette Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Gross N Mineralization ◽  
Jena Experiment ◽  
N Cycle ◽  
The Jena Experiment

Abstract We conducted a 15N tracer experiment in laboratory microcosms with field-fresh soil samples from a biodiversity experiment to evaluate the relationship between grassland biodiversity and N cycling. To embrace the complexity of the N cycle, we determined N exchange between five soil N pools (labile and recalcitrant organic N, dissolved NH4+ and NO3− in soil solution, and exchangeable NH4+) and eight N transformations (gross N mineralization from labile and recalcitrant organic N, NH4+ immobilization into labile and recalcitrant organic N, autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, NO3− immobilization, adsorption of NH4+) expected in aerobic soils with the help of the N-cycle model Ntrace. We used grassland soil of the Jena Experiment, which includes plant mixtures with 1 to 60 species and 1 to 4 functional groups (legumes, grasses, tall herbs, small herbs). The 19 soil samples of one block of the Jena Experiment were labeled with either 15NH4+ or 15NO3- or both. In the presence of legumes, gross N mineralization and autotrophic nitrification increased significantly because of higher soil N concentrations in legume-containing plots and high microbial activity. Similarly, the presence of grasses significantly increased the soil NH4+ pool, gross N mineralization, and NH4+ immobilization, likely because of enhanced microbial biomass and activity by providing large amounts of rhizodeposits through their dense root systems. In our experiment, previously reported plant species richness effects on the N cycle, observed in a larger-scale field experiment within the Jena Experiment, were not seen. However, specific plant functional groups had a significant positive impact on the N cycling in the incubated soil samples.

Gross N mineralization rates after application of composted grape marc to soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1397-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Flavel ◽  
D.V. Murphy ◽  
B.M. Lalor ◽  
I.R.P. Fillery
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Gross N Mineralization ◽  
Grape Marc

scholarly journals Pure stands of temperate forest tree species modify soil respiration and N turnover

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Brüggemann ◽  
P. Rosenkranz ◽  
H. Papen ◽  
K. Pilegaard ◽  
K. Butterbach-Bahl
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Gross Nitrification ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Gross N Mineralization

Abstract. The effects of five different tree species common in the temperate zone, i.e. beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst), Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis [Sichold and Zucc.] Gordon) and mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra), on soil respiration, gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates were investigated. Soils were sampled in spring and summer 2002 at a forest trial in Western Jutland, Denmark, where pure stands of the five tree species of the same age were growing on the same soil. Soil respiration, gross rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly higher in the organic layers than in the Ah horizons for all tree species and both sampling dates. In summer (July), the highest rates of soil respiration, gross N mineralization and gross nitrification were found in the organic layer under spruce, followed by beech > larch > oak > pine. In spring (April), these rates were also higher under spruce compared to the other tree species, but were significantly lower than in summer. For the Ah horizons no clear seasonal trend was observed for any of the processes examined. A linear relationship between soil respiration and gross N mineralization (r2=0.77), gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates (r2=0.72), and between soil respiration and gross nitrification (r2=0.81) was found. The results obtained underline the importance of considering the effect of forest type on soil C and N transformations.

Effect of soil characteristics on N mineralization capacity in 112 native and agricultural soils from the northwest of Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Gonz�lez-Prieto ◽  
A. Cabaneiro ◽  
M. C. Villar ◽  
T. Carballas ◽  
M. Carballas
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Characteristics

Effect of soil characteristics on N mineralization capacity in 112 native and agricultural soils from the northwest of Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
S. J. Gonz�lez-Prieto ◽  
A. Cabaneiro ◽  
M. C. Villar ◽  
M. Carballas ◽  
T. Carballas
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Characteristics

Kinetic Parameters of Gross N Mineralization of Peat Soils as Related to the Composition of Soil Organic Matter

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bentio Heru Purwanto ◽  
Akira Watanabe ◽  
Jong Foh Shoon ◽  
Ken-ichi Kakuda ◽  
Ho Ando
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Gross N Mineralization
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