Role of chemical constituents of wheat straw and pig slurry on their decomposition in soil

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saviozzi ◽  
R. Levi-Minzi ◽  
R. Riffaldi ◽  
G. Vanni
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pig Slurry

A Review on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Traditional Aspects of Indigenous Indian Herb Trachyspermum ammi (L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Saraswat ◽  
Neetu Sachan ◽  
Phool Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Vedic Literature ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Near Future

Introduction and Ethnopharmacological relevance: In the Indian Vedic literature, Charakasamhita and Sushritasamhita, the Ajwain is known as Bhootika and in the charaksamhita commentaries, it is termed as Yavanika. The medicinal role of Ajwain fruit is claimed to be very important in the treatment of many ailments in humans. The plant Trachyspermum ammi Linn. is a grassy, aromatic annual plant, which falls in the family Umbelliferae. This plant is grown in India, Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, etc. for its medicinal benefits. Tribals of India use it for the treatment of diarrhea, arthritis, colic and gastrointestinal problems. In the traditional preparations, Indian Vaidya guru’s (Ayurveda Guru’s), the ajwain extract is used as “Admoda Arka”. The Ayurveda doctors, hakims and Vaidya gurus recommend ajwain for treating headaches, cold, flu and even during painful menstrual periods. Aim of the Study: The review paper has compiled the researches conducted on Trachyspermum ammi, which will help in presenting a collective data of the authentic researches conducted on the plant worldwide. It will also present information about the phytoconstituents which can be useful for building up new researches in near future. Materials and Methods: This paper has been prepared by collecting all the information available on the following platforms and the papers were searched from 1975 to 2019. The databases and electronic journals were well searched including Wiley, Springer link, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed. The key terms used for the search were Ajwain, C. copticum, Trachyspermum ammi and other synonyms of the plant. The search was also done by the names of chemical constituents present in the plant and the pharmacological effect of the plant. Results: The multiple uses of T. ammi are due to the active constituents present in it. As per the phytochemical studies on the fruits of T. ammi, the presence of various phytoconstituents has been found such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, fixed oils, thymenes, cumenes, tannins, amino acids, p-cymene, c-terpinene, steroids, etc. Conclusions: This paper is focused on presenting a detailed review on the literature, pharmacological properties, physicochemical studies and the newest researches on the plant. In this paper, we have also compiled the traditional uses of the herb used by Indian peopleon recommendations from their Hakims, Vaidya and use of the herbs by many tribes all across India and Pakistan.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Straw Decomposition under Different Nitrogen Fertilizers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
Pavel Růžek ◽  
Helena Kusá ◽  
Radek Vavera ◽  
Martin Káš
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
N Fertilisers

The climate changes and increased drought frequency still more frequent in recent periods bring challenges to management with wheat straw remaining in the field after harvest and to its decomposition. The field experiment carried out in 2017–2019 in the Czech Republic aimed to evaluate winter wheat straw decomposition under different organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizing (urea, pig slurry and digestate with and without inhibitors of nitrification (IN)). Treatment Straw 1 with fertilizers was incorporated in soil each year the first day of experiment. The Straw 2 was placed on soil surface at the same day as Straw 1 and incorporated together with fertilizers after 3 weeks. The Straw 1 decomposition in N treatments varied between 25.8–40.1% and in controls between 21.5–33.1% in 2017–2019. The Straw 2 decomposition varied between 26.3–51.3% in N treatments and in controls between 22.4–40.6%. Higher straw decomposition in 2019 was related to more rainy weather. The drought observed mainly in 2018 led to the decrease of straw decomposition and to the highest contents of residual mineral nitrogen in soils. The limited efficiency of N fertilisers on straw decomposition under drought showed a necessity of revision of current strategy of N treatments and reduction of N doses adequately according the actual weather conditions.

scholarly journals Role of laccase as an enzymatic pretreatment method to improve lignocellulosic saccharification

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Heap ◽  
Anthony Green ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Bart van Dongen ◽  
Nicholas Turner
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide

The saccharification of wheat straw was improved when an incubation step was performed withTrametes versicolorlaccase (TvL) and the mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1-HBT) prior to an alkaline peroxide extraction (APE).

scholarly journals Implication of O2 dynamics for both N2O and CH4 emissions from soil during biological soil disinfestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xuehong Ma ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Guitong Li ◽  
Kun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Hypoxic Fraction ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractSoil O2 dynamics have significant influences on greenhouse gas emissions during soil management practice. In this study, we deployed O2-specific planar optodes to visualize spatiotemporal distribution of O2 in soils treated with biological soil disinfestation (BSD). This study aimed to reveal the role of anoxia development on emissions of N2O and CH4 from soil amended with crop residues during BSD period. The incorporation of crop residues includes wheat straw only, wheat straw with biochar and early straw incorporation. The anoxia in soil developed very fast within 3 days, while the O2 in headspace decreased much slower and it became anaerobic after 5 days, which was significantly affected by straw and biochar additions. The N2O emissions were positively correlated with soil hypoxic fraction. The CH4 emissions were not significant until the anoxia dominated in both soil and headspace. The co-application of biochar with straw delayed the anoxia development and extended the hypoxic area in soil, resulting in lower emissions of N2O and CH4. Those results highlight that the soil O2 dynamic was the key variable triggering the N2O and CH4 productions. Therefore, detailed information of soil O2 availability could be highly beneficial for optimizing the strategies of organic amendments incorporation in the BSD technique.

scholarly journals Genetic and Biochemical Diversity amongValeriana jatamansiPopulations from Himachal Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajan Katoch ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Kapila
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Valeriana Jatamansi ◽  
Collection Selection ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Biochemical Diversity

Valeriana jatamansiJones is an important medicinal plant that grows wild in Himachal Pradesh, India. Molecular and biochemical diversity among 13 natural populations from Himachal Pradesh was assessed using RAPD and GC-MS to know the extent of existing variation. A total of seven genetically diverse groups have been identified based on RAPD analysis which corroborated well with the analysis based on chemical constituents. The essential oil yield ranged from 0.6% to 1.66% (v/w). A negative correlation between patchouli alcohol and viridiflorol, the two major valued constituents, limits the scope of their simultaneous improvement. However, other few populations like Chamba-II and Kandi-I were found promising for viridiflorol and patchouli alcohol, respectively. The analysis of chemical constitution of oil of the populations from a specific region revealed predominance of specific constituents indicating possibility of their collection/selection for specific end uses like phytomedicines. The prevalence of genetically diverse groups along with sufficient chemical diversity in a defined region clearly indicates the role of ecology in the maintenance of evolution of this species. Sufficient molecular and biochemical diversity detected among natural populations of this species will form basis for the future improvement.

Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Metabolism of Chemical Constituents of Berberis kansuensis Extract Based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS Technique

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Du ◽  
Tong Xu ◽  
Huan Yi ◽  
Xinmei Xu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

AbstractThe dried stem bark of Berberis kansuensis is a commonly used Tibetan herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Its main chemical components are alkaloids, such as berberine, magnoflorine and jatrorrhizine. However, the role of gut microbiota in the in vivo metabolism of these chemical components has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology was applied to detect and identify prototype components and metabolites in rat intestinal contents and serum samples after oral administration of a B. kansuensis extract. A total of 16 prototype components and 40 metabolites were identified. The primary metabolic pathways of the chemical components from B. kansuensis extract were demethylation, desaturation, deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and other conjugation reactions including sulfation, glucuronidation, glycosidation, and methylation. By comparing the differences of metabolites between diabetic and pseudo-germ-free diabetic rats, we found that the metabolic transformation of some chemical components in B. kansuensis extract such as bufotenin, ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, magnoflorine, and 8-oxyberberine, was affected by the gut microbiota. The results revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the metabolic transformation of chemical constituents in B. kansuensis extract. These findings can enhance our understanding of the active ingredients of B. kansuensis extract and the key role of the gut microbiota on them.

The role of endoglucanase and endoxylanase in liquefaction of hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Anastasia Skovgaard ◽  
Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen ◽  
Henning Jørgensen ◽  
Maria Cardona ◽  
Emilio Tozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw

The role of heterotrophic microorganismGalactomycessp. Z3 in improving pig slurry bioleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Guanyu Zheng ◽  
Lixiang Zhou ◽  
Fenwu Liu ◽  
Chaocheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pig Slurry

scholarly journals Radical change of Zn speciation in pig slurry amended soil: Key role of nano-sized sulfide particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Augusto Formentini ◽  
Samuel Legros ◽  
Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo Fernandes ◽  
Adilson Pinheiro ◽  
Maureen Le Bars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Zn Speciation ◽  
Amended Soil
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