Arthropod touch reception: spider hair sensilla as rapid touch detectors

2001 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. ◽  
Friedrich O. ◽  
Dechant H.-E. ◽  
Barth F.
Keyword(s):  
Hair Sensilla

Central Mechanism of Hearing in Insects

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUO SUGA ◽  
YASUJI KATSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Threshold Curve ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Response Range ◽  
Metathoracic Ganglion ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Prothoracic Ganglion ◽  
Tympanic Organ ◽  
Large Fibre ◽  
The Brain

1. The impulses from the tympanic organ are transmitted at the prothoracic ganglion to a central neuron, the auditory T large fibre, which lies in the cord between the brain and the metathoracic ganglion. The impulses in the T large fibre are conducted rostrally and caudally with the same discharge pattern. Information is sent up to the brain, and down to the metathoracic ganglion, after a delay of about 12 msec. 2. The impulses from the cercal hair sensilla are transmitted to two similar auditory C large fibres which lie in the cord between the metathoracic and last (6th) abdominal ganglia and are then sent up to the mesothoracic ganglia by other auditory large fibres. 3. Central inhibitory interaction between the impulses from the tympanic nerves of the two sides are shown by a marked increase of impulses in the T large fibre following section of one of the tympanic nerves. No inhibitory interaction is found between the impulses from the two cercal nerves. 4. The auditory T large fibre receives not only the excitatory effect from the ipsilateral tympanic nerve at the prothoracic ganglion, but also the inhibitory and weak excitatory effects from the contralateral one. 5. The response range of the T large fibre is narrower than the threshold curve of the tympanic nerve and corresponds with one type of response range in the tympanic neurons. The response ranges of the C large fibres correspond closely with the threshold curve of the cercal nerve. 6. A large difference in threshold between the two T large fibres is found in the response to sound incident from the side. The number of impulses in the T large fibre nearer to the sound source is greater than in that farther from the source. 7. The difference in the number of impulses between the two T large fibres is most marked in the response to sound of the frequency which is dominant in stridulation. This difference is due to the mutual inhibitory interaction of neurons which modifies the number of impulses without changing the threshold of the tympanic large fibre. 8. It is suggested that the central inhibitory interaction increases the information about a sound source and plays an important role in the mechanism of the directional sense. 9. The stridulation of the group activates the tympanic nerve and evokes synchronized discharge in the T large fibre, but scarcely at all in the primary C large fibre. The tympanic organ and its neural network seem well adapted to reception of stridulation. 10. It is concluded that though neither of the two sound receptive organs--the tympanic organ and the cercal hair sensilla--can perform frequency analysis, the insect may be able to do so by making use of both organs, since they have different frequency ranges and are served by different auditory large-fibre tracts.

Peripheral representation of antennal orientation by the scapal hair plate of the cockroach Periplaneta americana

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (24) ◽  
pp. 4301-4309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Okada ◽  
Y. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Horizontal Component ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
Hair Sensilla

SUMMARY Arthropods have hair plates that are clusters of mechanosensitive hairs, usually positioned close to joints, which function as proprioceptors for joint movement. We investigated how angular movements of the antenna of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) are coded by antennal hair plates. A particular hair plate on the basal segment of the antenna, the scapal hair plate, can be divided into three subgroups: dorsal, lateral and medial. The dorsal group is adapted to encode the vertical component of antennal direction, while the lateral and medial groups are specialized for encoding the horizontal component. Of the three subgroups of hair sensilla, those of the lateral scapal hair plate may provide the most reliable information about the horizontal position of the antenna, irrespective of its vertical position. Extracellular recordings from representative sensilla of each scapal hair plate subgroup revealed the form of the single-unit impulses in response to hair deflection. The mechanoreceptors were characterized as typically phasic-tonic. The tonic discharge was sustained indefinitely (>20 min) as long as the hair was kept deflected. The spike frequency in the transient (dynamic) phase was both velocity- and displacement-dependent, while that in the sustained (steady) phase was displacement-dependent.

scholarly journals RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF INTERNEURONS OF THE CRICKET CERCAL SENSORY SYSTEM ARE CONSERVED IN SPITE OF CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS DURING MATURATION

1992 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA CHIBA ◽  
GÜNTER KÄMPER ◽  
R. K. MURPHEY
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Response Decrement ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Intensity Response ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Constant Output ◽  
Rate Of Response

During postembryonic development of the cricket, the total number of filiform hair sensilla in the cereal sensory system increases approximately 40-fold. In addition, individual receptor hairs grow in size, changing the transducer properties of the sensilla and, thereby, the information transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) by the sensory neurons. Interneurons MGI and 10–3 receive monosynaptic inputs from these sensory neurons and send outputs to anterior ganglia. We show that, in spite of the changes in the periphery, the response properties of these interneurons are relatively constant during development. The two interneurons differ in their frequency response, intensity response and rate of response decrement. Their respective response properties are conserved during the postembryonic period. The results suggest that systematic rearrangement of the sensory neuron-to-interneuron synapses plays an important role in maintaining a constant output of this sensory system to higher centers of the CNS during maturation of the cricket.

Sex Attractant System in Polia pisi L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 990-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Priesner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Analysis ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Electrophysiological analysis of olfactory hair sensilla in male P. pisi has revealed four different types of presumed pheromone receptor cells, maximally responsive to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12: Ac), respectively. These four compounds were tested, singly and in various combinations, for efficacy in attracting P. pisi males in the field. High trap catches were obtained with mixtures of Z11-14: Ac/Z9-14: Ac in the ratio 100/100, whereas the 100/30 and 30/100 mixtures of the two compounds were only slightly attractive. No male P. pisi were captured by single chemicals or binary combinations of Z11-14: Ac/Z11-16: Ac, Z11-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z11-16:Ac, Z9-14:Ac/Z7-12:Ac, or Z11-16:Ac/Z7-12:Ac. Various compounds, including Z11-16: Ac and Z7-12:Ac, were tried as third chemicals in addi­tion to 100 μg Z11-14: Ac + 100 μg Z9-14: Ac but none increased trap catches over the basic lure.

Ultrastructure of the peg and hair sensilla on the antenna of larvalAedes aegypti (L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk ◽  
Sharon G. Blue
Keyword(s):  
Hair Sensilla

A Sex Attractant for the Pine Beauty Moth, Panolisflammed

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Priesner ◽  
Hermann Bogenschütz ◽  
Wolfgang Altenkirch ◽  
Heinrich Arn
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Sex Attractant ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Hair Sensilla ◽  
Tetradecenyl Acetate

Abstract Electrophysiological recordings from antennal hair sensilla of male P. flammea revealed two types (A, B) of presumed pheromone receptor cells. The A receptors responded max­ imally to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and the B cells to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. In the field, a 100:5 mixture of the two compounds attracted 10 times more males than the (Z) -9 isomer alone.

Sensory projections of identified coxal hair sensilla of the scorpionHeterometrus fulvipes (Scorpionidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sasira Babu ◽  
K. Sreenivasulu ◽  
V. Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Projections ◽  
Hair Sensilla
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