Ball Tonometry: A Rapid, Nondestructive Method for Measuring Cell Turgor Pressure in Thin-Walled Plant Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Lintilhac ◽  
Chunfang Wei ◽  
Jason J. Tanguay ◽  
John O. Outwater
Keyword(s):  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Measuring Cell ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Thin Walled

Modification of the pressure-probe technique permits controlled intracellular microinjection of fluorescent probes

1991 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
K. J. OPARKA ◽  
R. MURPHY ◽  
P. M. DERRICK ◽  
D. A. M. PRIOR ◽  
J. A. C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Lucifer Yellow ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Symplastic Transport ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Leaf Trichome

The pressure probe has been widely used to study the water relations of plant cells. Here we describe a simple modification of the pressure-probe technique that permits the controlled microinjection of fluorescent probes into plant cells while simultaneously measuring cell turgor pressure. Using the pressure probe, less than 1 nl of the membrane-impermeant fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH was introduced into micropipettes and subsequently injected into leaf trichome cells of Nicotiana clevelandii. Disruption of cell contents could be minimized by raising the hydrostatic pressure in the probe prior to impalement to a value approaching the anticipated cell turgor pressure. Injections to the cytosol resulted in intercellular symplastic transport of the dye in both acropetal and basipetal directions. In contrast, no symplastic transport was observed following an injection of dye into the vacuole. As measured with the pressure probe, cell turgor pressures were in the range 0.18 to 0.36 MPa; the half-time for water exchange across the cell boundary was approximately 10 s. The potential of this technique for the study of turgor-pressure-dependent intercellular transport and the hydraulic conductivities of the tonoplast, plasmalemma and plasmodesmata is discussed.

Relationship between cell turgor pressure, electrical membrane potential, and chloride efflux inAcetabularia mediterranea

1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Wendler ◽  
Ulrich Zimmermann ◽  
Friedrich-Wilhelm Bentrup
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Cell Turgor

Hydraulische Leitfähigkeit von Valonia utricularis / Hydraulic Conductivity of Valonia utricularis

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1302-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Steudle ◽  
U. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Valonia Utricularis

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of rapid changes of the cell turgor pressure (hydrostatic pressure) in algal cells (cell size must be at least 3 mm in diameter), and of the net volume flow across the cell membrane arising after a change of the cell turgor pressure or of the osmotic pressure in the outside medium. On the basis of the equations of irreversible thermodynamics it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity of the cell membrane from these measurements, as it is theoretically shown.The hydraulic conductivities of the marine alga Valonia utricularis determined in two independent ways (by osmotic and hydrostatic experiments) are equal. For exosmosis, Lpex (hydrostatic) and Lpex (osmotic) amounted to (9,6 ± 1,0) ·10-7 and (9,8 ± 1,9) · 10-7 respectively cm · sec-1 · atm-1, and for endomosis, Lpen (hydrostatic) was (9,4 ± 1,1) ·10-7 cm · sec-1 · atm-1.A polarity in the water movement across the cell membranes as discussed in the literature could not be found for Valonia utricularis.

scholarly journals Structure and Biomechanics during Xylem Vessel Transdifferentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Roumeli ◽  
Leah Ginsberg ◽  
Robin McDonald ◽  
Giada Spigolon ◽  
Rodinde Hendrickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vessel Elements

Individual plant cells are the building blocks for all plantae and artificially constructed plant biomaterials, like biocomposites. Secondary cell walls (SCWs) are a key component for mediating mechanical strength and stiffness in both living vascular plants and biocomposite materials. In this paper, we study the structure and biomechanics of cultured plant cells during the cellular developmental stages associated with SCW formation. We use a model culture system that induces transdifferentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to xylem vessel elements, upon treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). We group the transdifferentiation process into three distinct stages, based on morphological observations of the cell walls. The first stage includes cells with only a primary cell wall (PCW), the second covers cells that have formed a SCW, and the third stage includes cells with a ruptured tonoplast and partially or fully degraded PCW. We adopt a multi-scale approach to study the mechanical properties of cells in these three stages. We perform large-scale indentations with a micro-compression system in three different osmotic conditions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoscale indentations in water allow us to isolate the cell wall response. We propose a spring-based model to deconvolve the competing stiffness contributions from turgor pressure, PCW, SCW and cytoplasm in the stiffness of differentiating cells. Prior to triggering differentiation, cells in hypotonic pressure conditions are significantly stiffer than cells in isotonic or hypertonic conditions, highlighting the dominant role of turgor pressure. Plasmolyzed cells with a SCW reach similar levels of stiffness as cells with maximum turgor pressure. The stiffness of the PCW in all of these conditions is lower than the stiffness of the fully-formed SCW. Our results provide the first experimental characterization of the mechanics of SCW formation at single cell level.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis alkaline ceramidase TOD1 is a key turgor pressure regulator in plant cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yu Chen ◽  
Dong-Qiao Shi ◽  
Wen-Juan Zhang ◽  
Zuo-Shun Tang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Pressure Regulator

scholarly journals In vivoextraction of Arabidopsis cell turgor pressure using nanoindentation in conjunction with finite element modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Forouzesh ◽  
Ashwani Goel ◽  
Sally A. Mackenzie ◽  
Joseph A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Element Modeling ◽  
Cell Turgor
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