High paternal investment in unrelated young: extra-pair paternity and male parental care in house martins

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Whittingham ◽  
Jan T. Lifjeld
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity

scholarly journals Sexual selection favours male parental care, when females can choose

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1734) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne H. Alonzo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Female Promiscuity ◽  
Male Care

Explaining the evolution of male care has proved difficult. Recent theory predicts that female promiscuity and sexual selection on males inherently disfavour male care. In sharp contrast to these expectations, male-only care is often found in species with high extra-pair paternity and striking variation in mating success, where current theory predicts female-only care. Using a model that examines the coevolution of male care, female care and female choice; I show that inter-sexual selection can drive the evolution of male care when females are able to bias mating or paternity towards parental males. Surprisingly, female choice for parental males allows male care to evolve despite low relatedness between the male and the offspring in his care. These results imply that predicting how sexual selection affects parental care evolution will require further understanding of why females, in many species, either do not prefer or cannot favour males that provide care.

scholarly journals Testing predictions of inclusive fitness theory in inbreeding relatives with biparental care

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1916) ◽  
pp. 20191933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Gow ◽  
Peter Arcese ◽  
Danielle Dagenais ◽  
Rebecca J. Sardell ◽  
Scott Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Focal Male

Inclusive fitness theory predicts that parental care will vary with relatedness between potentially caring parents and offspring, potentially shaping mating system evolution. Systems with extra-pair paternity (EPP), and hence variable parent–brood relatedness, provide valuable opportunities to test this prediction. However, existing theoretical and empirical studies assume that a focal male is either an offspring's father with no inbreeding, or is completely unrelated. We highlight that this simple dichotomy does not hold given reproductive interactions among relatives, complicating the effect of EPP on parent–brood relatedness yet providing new opportunities to test inclusive fitness theory. Accordingly, we tested hierarchical hypotheses relating parental feeding rate to parent–brood relatedness, parent kinship and inbreeding, using song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) experiencing natural variation in relatedness. As predicted, male and female feeding rates increased with relatedness to a dependent brood, even controlling for brood size. Male feeding rate tended to decrease as paternity loss increased, and increased with increasing kinship and hence inbreeding between socially paired mates. We thereby demonstrate that variation in a key component of parental care concurs with subtle predictions from inclusive fitness theory. We additionally highlight that such effects can depend on the underlying social mating system, potentially generating status-specific costs of extra-pair reproduction.

Parental care in the captive mandarin vole, Lasiopodomys mandarinus

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Smorkatcheva
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Natal Nest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
High Level

Based on the social structure of free-living mandarin voles (Lasiopodomys mandarinus), high paternal investment might be expected for this species. This prediction was tested under laboratory conditions. We observed 10 pairs rearing their first litter. All pairs exhibited permanent nest cohabitation. Females never prevented males from entering the natal nest. Males exhibited all the patterns of direct care of young except nursing: huddling over, brooding with kyphosis, grooming, manipulating, and retrieving young. There were no sex differences in total time spent in the nest or in time spent alone. Females spent more time grooming pups than did males. There was no sex difference in nest-building activity. The frequency of bringing food or nest material into the nest, as well as in digging time, was significantly greater for males than for females. In L. mandarinus the biparental rearing system with a high level of direct paternal care and some division of labour between the parents seems to be associated with the subterranean mode of life. This pattern of parental care can be predicted for other specialized fossorial voles.

scholarly journals Parental investment and immune dynamics in sex-role reversed pipefishes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel S. Keller ◽  
Olivia Roth
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Syngnathus Typhle ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Male Pregnancy

AbstractParental care elevates reproductive success by allocating resources into the upbringing of the offspring. However, it also imposes strong costs for the care giving parent and can foster sexual dimorphism. Trade-offs between the reproductive system and the immune system may result in differential immunological capacities between the care-providing and the non-care-providing parent. Usually, providing care is restricted to the female sex making it impossible to study a sex-independent influence of parental investment on sexual immune dimorphism. The decoupling of sex-dependent parental investment and their influences on the parental immunological capacity, however, is possible in syngnathids, which evolved the unique male pregnancy on a gradient ranging from a simple carrying of eggs on the trunk (Nerophinae, low paternal investment) to full internal pregnancy (Syngnathus, high paternal investment). In this study, we compared candidate gene expression between females and males of different gravity stages in three species of syngnathids (Syngnathus typhle, Syngnathus rostellatus and Nerophis ophidion) with different male pregnancy intensities to determine how parental investment influences sexual immune dimorphism. While our data failed to detect sexual immune dimorphism in the subset of candidate genes assessed, we show a parental care specific resource-allocation trade-off between investment into pregnancy and immune defense when parental care is provided.

Paternal investment inversely related to degree of extra-pair paternity in the reed bunting

Nature ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 371 (6499) ◽  
pp. 698-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dixon ◽  
Douglas Ross ◽  
Sean L. C. O'Malley ◽  
Terry Burke
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Investment ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Reed Bunting

Influence of extra-pair paternity on parental care in great tits (Parus major)

1993 ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lubjuhn ◽  
E. Curio ◽  
S. C. Muth ◽  
J. Brün ◽  
J. T. Epplen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity
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