Effect of the addition of Peptostreptococcus productus ATCC35244 on the gastro-intestinal microbiota and its activity, as simulated in an in vitro simulator of the human gastro-intestinal tract

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nollet ◽  
I. Vande Velde ◽  
W. Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Peptostreptococcus Productus

Morphological observations and the effects of artificial digestive fluids on the survival of Diploscapter coronata from a Japanese patient

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Morimoto ◽  
M. Korenaga ◽  
K. Yagyu ◽  
N. Kagei ◽  
M. Fujieda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Schonlein Purpura

AbstractUnusual non-human parasitic nematodes and eggs were detected in the faeces of an 8-year-old Japanese female suffering from Henoch-Schönlein purpura. The worms were adult female rhabditiform nematodes measuring 325.6–441.2 μm in length and 18.3–26.5 μm in width. One pair of the labia oris was notched with many spiny projections, while the other pair was strongly curved outwards. The worms were identified using light and scanning electron microscopy as the free-living nematode Diploscapter coronata (Cobb) based on their characteristic morphology. The patient's faeces containing worms and eggs were cultured using a filter-paper culture technique and after 7 days of culture, male as well as female worms were recovered. Worm survival time and hatchability of the eggs were examined in vitro after treatment with an artificial gastric or intestinal fluid. Although adult worms survived for less than one minute, eggs hatched after treatment with artificial gastric fluid. This suggests that eggs accidentally ingested or produced by adult D. coronata could develop in the human gastro-intestinal tract. Some morphological features of male D. coronata are also described.

Bioavailability and Biological Disposition of Methaqualone*

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D Smyth ◽  
Pramod B Chemburkar ◽  
P P Mathur ◽  
A F DeLong ◽  
A Polk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Elimination Kinetics ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

The absorption of methaqualone from the gastro-intestinal tract is a dissolution—and not a permeability-rate limited process. Absorption from solution dosage forms can occur throughout the gastro-intestinal tract with maximum absorption from the intestine. Dissolution of solid dosage forms is favoured in the highly-acidic environment of the stomach and absorption of the in situ dissolved drug occurs in both stomach and upper small intestine. Methaqualone is found primarily in the plasma phase of whole blood and is highly bound to plasma proteins. The plasma elimination curve is biexponential with a rapid distributive phase and a slow elimination phase. The principle tissues of distribution are the metabolic and excretory tissues—liver and kidney — and lipid tissue. Metabolism occurs by hydroxylation of the methyl, tolyl and quinazolinone substituents via inducible hepatic microsomal oxidoreductases. Methaqualone is completely bio-transformed and excreted as O-glucuronide conjugates in urine and bile. Enterohepatic recirculation of metabolites occurs and is responsible for the prolonged urinary excretion profile. There is no change in absorption, distribution or elimination kinetics following chronic administration in man. Tablet and capsule formulations with good in vitro dissolution, stability and bioavailability characteristics were developed. Equivalent bioavailability of these tablet formulations was observed in the fasted and post-prandial state. Techniques were developed to correlate dissolution and absorption profiles of these formulations.

The effect of digestive activity of pig gastro-intestinal tract on zeolite-rich rocks: An in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Mercurio ◽  
Piergiulio Cappelletti ◽  
Bruno de Gennaro ◽  
Maurizio de Gennaro ◽  
Fulvia Bovera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Activity

scholarly journals The fermentation characteristics of Sparassis crispa polysaccharides and their effects on the intestinal microbes in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-yang Liu ◽  
Shao-jun Yun ◽  
Jin-ling Cao ◽  
Feier Cheng ◽  
Ming-chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Sparassis Crispa ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract Background Sparassis crispa polysaccharides (SCPs) have multiple pharmacological activities. Fermentation characteristics of SCPs and its effects on the intestinal microbes in mice remain inconclusive. Results In this study, SCPs were fermented by the human feces and used to administer the Kunming mice to explore the fermentation characteristics of SCPs in the intestinal tract and the effects on the intestinal microbes in mice. Results from in vitro experiments revealed that SCPs were utilized by intestinal microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The specific monosaccharide composition of SCPs determines which SCFAs are produced. Furthermore, the colon index and villi length of the SCPs-treated mice were significantly higher compared with the control group. In addition, SCPs exhibited beneficial effect on the relative abundance and diversity of dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract, such as increasing Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and up-regulating SCFA-producing bacteria, including Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Oscillibacter. SCPs increased the abundance of genes in carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Conclusion Our results indicate SCPs can improve the physiological indices of the colon in mice, which is likely to be associated with the increase in the relative abundance and diversity of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs level produced by intestinal microbiota. Graphic abstract

Survival and metabolic activity of the GanedenBC30 strain of Bacillus coagulans in a dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maathuis ◽  
D. Keller ◽  
S. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Carbohydrate Digestion

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC30 during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC30 was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC30 was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC30 was added to the milk. When GanedenBC30 was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC30 alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC30 are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Black Carrot Polyphenols during In Vitro Fermentation Is Not Affected by Cellulose or Cell Wall Association

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Gabriele Netzel ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽  
Michael E. Netzel ◽  
Michael J. Gidley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ammonium Production ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Fruit and vegetable polyphenols are associated with health benefits, and those not absorbed could be fermented by the gastro-intestinal tract microbiota. Many fermentation studies focus on “pure” polyphenols, rather than those associated with plant cell walls (PCW). Black carrots (BlkC), are an ideal model plant food as their polyphenols bind to PCW with minimal release after gastro-intestinal digestion. BlkC were fractionated into three components—supernatant, pellet after centrifugation, and whole puree. Bacterial cellulose (BCell) was soaked in supernatant (BCell&S) as a model substrate. All substrates were fermented in vitro with a pig faecal inoculum. Gas kinetics, short chain fatty acids, and ammonium production, and changes in anthocyanins and phenolic acids were compared. This study showed that metabolism of BlkC polyphenols during in vitro fermentation was not affected by cellulose/cell wall association. In addition, BCell&S is an appropriate model to represent BlkC fermentation, suggesting the potential to examine fermentability of PCW-associated polyphenols in other fruits/vegetables.

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