A survey of post-discharge side effects of conscious sedation using chloral hydrate in pediatric CT and MR imaging

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kao ◽  
Susan D. Adamson ◽  
Leann H. Tatman ◽  
Kevin S. Berbaum
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Pediatric Ct

Comparison of intranasal midazolam, intranasal ketamine, and oral chloral hydrate for conscious sedation during paediatric echocardiography: results of a prospective randomised study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195
Author(s):  
Hayrullah Alp ◽  
Ahmet M. Elmacı ◽  
Esma K. Alp ◽  
Bülent Say
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Intranasal Midazolam ◽  
Prospective Randomised Study

AbstractObjective:There are several agents used for conscious sedation by various routes in children. The aim of this prospective randomised study is to compare the effectiveness of three commonly used sedatives: intranasal ketamine, intranasal midazolam, and oral chloral hydrate for children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography.Methods:Children who were referred to paediatric cardiology due to a heart murmur for transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively randomised into three groups. Seventy-three children received intranasal midazolam (0.2 mg/kg), 72 children received intranasal ketamine (4 mg/kg), and 72 children received oral chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg) for conscious sedation. The effects of three agents were evaluated in terms of intensity, onset, and duration of sedation. Obtaining high-quality transthoracic echocardiography images (i.e. absence of artefacts) were regarded as successful sedation. Side effects due to medications were also noted.Results:There was no statistical difference in terms of sedation success rates between three groups (95.9, 95.9, and 94.5%, respectively). The median onset of sedation in the midazolam, ketamine, and chloral hydrate was 14 minutes (range 7–65), 34 minutes (range 12–56), and 40 minutes (range 25–57), respectively (p < 0.001 for all). However, the median duration of sedation in study groups was 68 minutes (range 20–75), 55 minutes (range 25–75), and 61 minutes (range 34–78), respectively (p = 0.023, 0.712, and 0.045). Gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in the chloral hydrate group (11.7 versus 0% for midazolam and 2.8% for ketamine, respectively, p = 0.002).Conclusion:Results of our prospectively randomised study indicate that all three agents provide adequate sedation for successful transthoracic echocardiography. When compared the three sedatives, intranasal midazolam has a more rapid onset of sedation while intranasal ketamine has a shorter duration of sedation. Intranasal ketamine can be used safely with fewer side effects in children undergoing transthoracic echocardiography.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Side Effects of Conscious Sedation using Chloral hydrate, Hydroxyzine, and Nitrous oxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Gyeongmin Kim ◽  
Jaesik Lee ◽  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Soonhyeun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Associated Variables ◽  
Over Time

This retrospective study assessed the effectiveness and side effects of conscious sedation using chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine, and N<sub>2</sub>O/O<sub>2</sub> in the sedation of 149 pediatric patients over 188 sedation sessions, and to identify associated variables.<br/>The effectiveness of the sedation was evaluated using the Houpt scale, and was considered effective for scale categories of excellent or good. Effectiveness and side effects were assessed every 15 minutes. The effectiveness decreased and side effects increased over time. The effectiveness of sedation during 60 minutes was 57.4%, and one or more side effects occurred in 18.1% of sessions. Effectiveness of sedation increased with body mass index (BMI). When patients were sedated at the beginning of the procedure, the effectiveness was greater. Side effects increased with patient age. When sedation was divided into two sessions, the number of sedation did not affect the effectiveness or side effects.<br/>It can be suggested that sedation should be performed over two separate sessions, as a single prolonged session may lead to reduced effectiveness and increased side effects. To maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects, several variables such as BMI, whether to sedate at the beginning of the procedure and age should be considered thoroughly before sedation.

scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of chloral hydrate for conscious sedation of infants in the pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. e5842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Lian Chen ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
Jia-Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ying Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Cardiovascular Intensive Care

Efficacy and Side Effects of Chloral Hydrate and Tryptophan as Sleeping Aids in Psychogeriatric Patients

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Linnoila ◽  
M. Viukari ◽  
A. Numminen ◽  
J. Auvinen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Psychogeriatric Patients

scholarly journals Comparison of Effectiveness and Side Effects of Diazepam versus Midazolam Administration for Conscious Sedation in Patients Who Underwent Cataract Surgery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sanatkar ◽  
Mehrdad Shorooghi ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Sanie
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Additional Dose ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Early Postoperative Complications ◽  
Midazolam Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Profile ◽  
Comparison Of Effectiveness

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and side effects of diazepam and midazolam administration for conscious sedation in subjects who undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 79 patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia with conscious sedation were prospectively reviewed. Our subjects were randomly divided to two groups. The first group comprised of 38 cases receiving 0.05 mg/kg diazepam slow intravenously (diazepam group) and the second group comprised of 41 cases receiving 0.01 mg/kg midazolam intravenously (midazolam group). Intraoperative variables such as systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded immediately before sedation, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after diazepam or midazolam administration. All patients were contacted 24 hours after the operation for any early postoperative complications. Results: The variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 5, 10 and 15 minutes after sedation were statistically significantly higher in midazolam group compared to diazepam group. Six patients developed episodes of apnea during operation, two patients in diazepam and four patients in midazolam group. The surgeons’ satisfaction was more in diazepam group but not statistically significant. Need for additional dose of benzodiazepine was more in the midazolam group. Drowsiness and functional impairment during 24 hours after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Diazepam produces better perioperative hemodynamic profile, level of sedation and surgeon’s satisfaction and less occurrence of apnea compared to midazolam group in patients who underwent cataract surgery.

High-dose chloral hydrate sedation for children undergoing MR imaging: safety and efficacy in relation to age.

1993 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Greenberg ◽  
E N Faerber ◽  
C L Aspinall ◽  
R C Adams
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Gadopentetate dimeglumine as a contrast agent in peripheral angioplasty

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Murphy ◽  
N. J. O'hare ◽  
P. Smiddy ◽  
M. P. Molloy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Gadopentetate Dimeglumine ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Peripheral Angioplasty ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Medium ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) is widely used as a contrast agent in MR imaging. We report on a case in which Gd-DTPA was used as the contrast agent during angioplasty in a patient who had recently had an adverse reaction to a non-ionic iodinated contrast medium. Gd-DTPA allowed a diagnostic angiogram to be performed with no side effects, and may thus be a useful contrast agent at angioplasty in patients with contra-indications to iodinated contrast media

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