Characterization of the H4IIE Rat Hepatoma Cell Bioassay for Evaluation of Environmental Samples Containing Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Willett ◽  
P. R. Gardinali ◽  
J. L. Sericano ◽  
T. L. Wade ◽  
S. H. Safe
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rat Hepatoma

The use of Defensible Analytical Chemical Measurements for Oil Spill Natural Resource Damage Assessment

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Sauer ◽  
Paul Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Epa Methods

ABSTRACT Scientific research on and natural resource damage assessments (NRDA) of oil spill incidents require the appropriate selection and application of analytical chemical and data interpretation techniques. Estimates of injuries to natural resources (surface waters, geological resources, biological resources), determinations of pathways of exposure, and assessment of recoverability and recovery of injured resources should, in part, be based on methods that are scientifically. defensible and acceptable in their application to the regulatory and legal communities. Recent spill incidents underline the need for significant revision of regulatory methods (such as EPA-approved procedures), so as to target the spilled material (petroleum) and its specific chemical composition. Standard operating procedures for the determination of the saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations and compositions (normal alkanes and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) of environmental samples have been drafted for use in oil spill assessments. These methods rely on the use of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods that target specific indicators of source material composition and weathering processes. These proposed methods for analysis of oil spill assessment environmental samples are contrasted with EPA methods such as EPA Method 418.1 (total petroleum hydrocarbons), EPA Methods 625 and 8270 (GC/MS analyses of semivolatile priority pollutant organics), and other methods. Using data from three recent oil spills as examples, this paper examines the current “approved” methods for the analysis of environmental samples, and contrasts the scientific rigor and defensibility of the recommended GC (saturated hydrocarbons) and GC/MS (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclics) methods for oil spill chemical analyses in NRDA programs. The approaches presented are recommended as important elements of future technical guidance documents relating to the NRDA federal regulations, in contrast with the inappropriate methods now suggested for use in the existing regulations.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Sinorhizobium Isolate and Its Extracellular Polymer Implicated in Pollutant Transport in Soil

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Janecka ◽  
M. B. Jenkins ◽  
N. S. Brackett ◽  
L. W. Lion ◽  
W. C. Ghiorse
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Hydrophobic Pollutants ◽  
Biolog Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Polymer

ABSTRACT A bacterium isolated from soil (designated 9702-M4) synthesizes an extracellular polymer that facilitates the transport of such hydrophobic pollutants as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the toxic metals lead and cadmium in soil. Biolog analysis, growth rate determinations, and percent G+C content identify 9702-M4 as a strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Sequence analysis of a 16S rDNA fragment gives 9702-M4 a phylogenetic designation most closely related to Sinorhizobium fredii. The extracellular polymer of isolate 9702-M4 is composed of both an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and a rough lipopolysaccharide. The EPS component is composed mainly of 4-glucose linkages with monomers of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid and has pyruval and acetyl constituents. The lipid fraction and the negative charge associated with carbonyl groups of the exopolymer are thought to account for the binding of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and cationic metals.

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