Suspension feeding in the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis  : efficiency of particle retention and implications for the use of encounter-rate models

1998 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Star ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Particle Retention

Particle retention by non-suspension-feeding cyprinid fishes

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Laurie Sanderson ◽  
Mark E Mort ◽  
Joseph J Cech, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Particle Retention ◽  
Ptychocheilus Grandis ◽  
Cyprinid Fishes ◽  
Brine Shrimp Cysts

Insectivorous Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) and omnivorous benthic-feeding California roach (Hesperoleucus symmetricus) were exposed to suspended styrene microspheres (31-90 µm) or brine shrimp cysts (210-300 µm) in the presence of finely crushed Tetramin flakes or adult Artemia. These fish species retained small numbers of microspheres, and significantly more brine shrimp cysts than microspheres. During a 10-min period, they swallowed all of the brine shrimp cysts from a volume of water equivalent to 1-15 times their body volume. Squawfish and roach do not possess the morphological features of the branchial apparatus and palate that are associated with suspension feeding in confamilial Sacramento blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus). The brine shrimp cysts could have been trapped between squawfish and roach gill rakers, while the microspheres as well as the brine shrimp cysts could have been retained on mucus-covered buccopharyngeal surfaces. These results suggest that non-suspension-feeding fish species may ingest small suspended particles routinely, with energetic and ecotoxicological implications that deserve further study.

scholarly journals Particle retention in suspension-feeding fish after removal of filtration structures

Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Smith ◽  
S. Laurie Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Particle Retention

Efficiency of particle retention in 13 species of suspension feeding bivalves

Ophelia ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flemming Møhlenberg ◽  
Hans Ulrik Riisgård
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Particle Retention

Suspension-feeding in the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Warner ◽  
J. D. Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Suspension Feeders

Basket-stars are suspension-feeders and suspension-feeding by other brittle-stars was suspected long ago on circumstantial grounds, but it is only in the last twenty years that it has been actually demonstrated, and detailed descriptions of suspension-feeding behaviour are still available for only a handful of species. Blegvad (1914) pointed out that Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard) and other species lead sedentary lives and feed largely on detritus on, or near, the sea-floor. Wintzell (1918) explicitly suggested tha and Ophiopholis aculeata (L.) are suspension-feeders, primarily on the grounds that they are commonly found in current-swept localities where plankton is rich, in association with known suspension-feeders such as Modiolus, Lima and Alcyonium. The same suggestion was made by Vevers (1952) who noted the occurrence of dense aggregations of O. fragilis in offshore, current-washed areas near Plymouth, and who later observed suspension-feeding behaviour in that species and in Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard) (Vevers, 1956). This was only the second time that suspension-feeding had been documented for any (ophiurid) brittle-star, but now it has been described in about a dozen species and suspected in others, mostly members of the Amphiuridae, Ophiactidae, Ophiothricidae and Ophiocomidae (MacGinitie, 1949; Kuznetsov & Sokolova, 1961; Moore, 1962; Magnus, 1964; Buchanan, 1964; Fontaine, 1965; Fricke, 1970; Pentreath, 1970).

Particle retention during respiration and particulate feeding in the suspension-feeding blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2534-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Laurie Sanderson ◽  
Joseph J. Cech Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Particle Retention ◽  
Particulate Feeding ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Number Of Particles

Juvenile blackfish (Orthodon microlepidotus) retained styrene microspheres (30–90 μm) during respiration in the absence of food. The fish retained significantly more microspheres when particulate feeding on Artemia adults, suspension feeding on Artemia nauplii, or in the presence of Artemia extract than when respiring in the absence of food. The frequency distribution of microsphere sizes retained during respiration did not differ significantly from that retained during feeding, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis that the site and method of particle retention during respiration and particulate feeding do not differ from those operating during suspension feeding. There was significant interindividual variability in the number of particles retained. Some individuals retained consistently fewer microspheres than other individuals of similar size and age, suggesting that further study is needed to quantify interindividual variation in other factors (e.g., stroke volume, ventilation rate, or mucus secretion) that have the potential to affect particle retention rates. Our results have implications for the energetics of suspension-feeding fishes, the impacts of suspension-feeding fishes on plankton communities, and the exposure of these fishes to toxic phytoplankton strains and particle-bound organic chemicals.

Early ossicle growth in the regenerating disc of a brittle star

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
M. Shlepr ◽  
R. L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Tissue Calcification

Calcification in the echinoderms occurs within a limited-volume cavity enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions of the mineral depositing cells, the sclerocytes. The current model of this process maintains that the sheath formed from these cytoplasmic extensions is syncytial. Prior studies indicate that syncytium formation might be dependent on sclerocyte density and not required for calcification. This model further envisions that ossicles formed de novo nucleate and grow intracellularly until the ossicle effectively outgrows the vacuole. Continued ossicle growth occurs within the sheath but external to the cell membrane. The initial intracellular location has been confirmed only for elements of the echinoid tooth.The regenerating aboral disc integument of ophiophragmus filograneus was used to test the current echinoderm calcification model. This tissue is free of calcite fragments, thus avoiding questions of cellular engulfment, and ossicles are formed de novo. The tissue calcification pattern was followed by light microscopy in both living and fixed preparations.

Contemporary issues in watershed and water quality modeling for eutrophication control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Robert V. Thomann ◽  
Lewis C. Linker
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Chesapeake Bay Watershed ◽  
Eutrophication Control ◽  
Quality Modeling

Three issues are discussed: controllability of nonpoint nutrient loadings using watershed models; the sometimes counter intuitive results from eutrophication models from nutrient controls for coastal waters; and the potential significant interaction of improvement in habitat for suspension feeding bivalves. For the Chesapeake Bay watershed model, and for Limit of Technology (LOT) controls, a 16% and 45% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, is calculated. For the Bay, it is concluded that removal of phosphorus only is less effective than nitrogen in improving bottom water DO because of differential transport of nitrogen downstream. For the Delaware estuary, a significant decline in phytoplankton chlorophyll has been observed in the absence of any nutrient controls but in the presence of improved DO. A simple model is offered that hypothesized an increase in benthic bivalve filtration of overlying water as a result of improvement in DO.

Capture of conspecific planktonic larvae by the suspension-feeding gastropod Crepipatella peruviana: association between adult and larval size

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G A Rivera-Figueroa ◽  
J A Büchner-Miranda ◽  
L P Salas-Yanquin ◽  
J A Montory ◽  
V M Cubillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Size ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Planktonic Larvae

ABSTRACT Free-living, planktonic larvae can be vulnerable to capture and ingestion by adult suspension-feeders. This is particularly the case for larvae that settle gregariously in benthic environments where suspension-feeders occur at high densities. Larvae of gregarious suspension-feeding species are at particularly high risk, as adults of their own species often serve as cues for metamorphosis. We conducted laboratory experiments to assess the extent to which adults of the suspension-feeding caenogastropod Crepipatella peruviana would capture and ingest their own larvae. Experiments were conducted with adults of different sizes, with larvae of different ages and sizes, and in the presence or absence of phytoplankton. Adults captured larvae in all experiments. The presence of microalgae in the water did not influence the extent of larval capture. On average, 39% of larvae were captured during the 3-h feeding periods, regardless of adult size. However, up to 34% of the larvae that were captured on the gill were later discarded as pseudofaeces; the other 64% were ingested. The extent of capture by adults was not related to adult size, or to larval size and, thus, to larval age. Our results suggest that the filtration of congeneric larvae by adult C. peruviana is a result of accidental capture rather than a deliberate feeding preference. Such ingestion could, however, still be an important source of larval mortality, especially when the advanced larvae of this species are searching for a suitable substrate for metamorphosis.

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