The neural substrate of the vestibulocollic reflex

1999 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 0483-0493 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Wilson ◽  
R. H. Schor
Keyword(s):  
Vestibulocollic Reflex ◽  
Neural Substrate

The Vestibulocollic Reflex

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
V.J. Wilson ◽  
R. Boyle ◽  
K. Fukushima ◽  
P.K. Rose ◽  
Y. Shinoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Vestibulocollic Reflex ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Neck Afferents ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Vestibular Organs

Stabilization of the head is required not only for adequate motor performance, such as maintaining balance while standing or walking, but also for the adequate reception of sensory inputs such as visual and auditory information. The vestibular organs, which consist of three approximately orthogonal semicircular canals (anterior, horizontal, posterior) and two otolith organs (utriculus, sacculus), provide the most important input for the detection of head movement. Activation of afferents from these receptors evokes the vestibulocollic reflex (VCR), which stabilizes bead position in space. In this review, which is the outgrowth of a session of the vestibular symposium held in Hawaii in April, 1994, we discuss the neural substrate of this reflex and some aspects of the central processing involved in its production. Some topics are not considered, in particular the important interaction between the VCR and the cervicocollic reflex evoked by activation of neck afferents (70,119), and attempts to model the reflex (69).

Microdialysis in the Study of Psychostimulants and the Neural Substrate for Reinforcement: Focus on Dopamine and Serotonin

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartley G. Hoebel ◽  
◽  
Luis Hernandez ◽  
Gregory P. Mark ◽  
Emmanuel Pothos
Keyword(s):  
Neural Substrate

Causal determinism and a totally global fatalism from the third-person perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Causal Determinism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
The Third Person

The human brain and the human language are precisely constructed together by evolution/genes, so that in the objective world, a human brain can tell a story to another brain in human language which describes an imagined multiplayer game; in this story, one player of the game represents the human brain itself. It’s possible that the human kind doesn’t really have a subjective world (doesn’t really have conscious experience). An individual has no control even over her choices. Her choices are controlled by the neural substrate. The neural substrate is controlled by the physical laws. So, her choices are controlled by the physical laws. So, she is powerless to do anything other than what she actually does. This is the view of fatalism. Specifically, this is the view of a totally global fatalism, where people have no control even over their choices, from the third-person perspective. And I just argued for fatalism by appeal to causal determinism. Psychologically, a third-person perspective and a new, dedicated personality state are required to bear the totally global fatalism, to avoid severe cognitive dissonance with our default first-person perspective and our original personality state.

scholarly journals View-tuned and view-invariant face encoding in IT cortex is explained by selected natural image fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjun Nam ◽  
Takayuki Sato ◽  
Go Uchida ◽  
Ekaterina Malakhova ◽  
Shimon Ullman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Face Representation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ventral Visual Pathway ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
The Face

AbstractHumans recognize individual faces regardless of variation in the facial view. The view-tuned face neurons in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex are regarded as the neural substrate for view-invariant face recognition. This study approximated visual features encoded by these neurons as combinations of local orientations and colors, originated from natural image fragments. The resultant features reproduced the preference of these neurons to particular facial views. We also found that faces of one identity were separable from the faces of other identities in a space where each axis represented one of these features. These results suggested that view-invariant face representation was established by combining view sensitive visual features. The face representation with these features suggested that, with respect to view-invariant face representation, the seemingly complex and deeply layered ventral visual pathway can be approximated via a shallow network, comprised of layers of low-level processing for local orientations and colors (V1/V2-level) and the layers which detect particular sets of low-level elements derived from natural image fragments (IT-level).

scholarly journals fMRI revealed neural substrate for reversible working memory dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism

Brain ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (11) ◽  
pp. 2923-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-F. Zhu ◽  
Z.-X. Wang ◽  
D.-R. Zhang ◽  
Z.-L. Pan ◽  
S. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Neural Substrate
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