A hypothalamic projection to the turtle red nucleus: an anterograde and retrograde tracing study

1997 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Herrick ◽  
J. Keifer
Keyword(s):  
Red Nucleus ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies.

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Rosen ◽  
Janice M. Hitchcock ◽  
Catherine B. Sananes ◽  
Mindy J. D. Miserendino ◽  
Michael Davis
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Direct Projection ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

scholarly journals Efferent and Afferent Connections of Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunji Yamada ◽  
Nienke van Kooten ◽  
Takuma Mori ◽  
Katsutoshi Taguchi ◽  
Atsushi Tsujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neural peptide distributed widely in the brain and has various functions in each region. We previously reported that NPY neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the regulation of anxiety behavior. Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies suggest that neurons in the NAc project to several areas, such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral pallidum (VP), and receive afferent projections from the cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. However, the neural connections between accumbal NPY neurons and other brain areas in mice remain unclear. In this study, we sought to clarify these anatomical connections of NPY neurons in the NAc by investigating their neural outputs and inputs. To selectively map NPY neuronal efferents from the NAc, we injected Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) into the NAc of NPY-Cre mice. This revealed that NAc NPY neurons exclusively projected to the LH. We confirmed this by injecting cholera toxin b subunit (CTb), a retrograde tracer, into the LH and found that approximately 7–10% of NPY neurons in the NAc were double-labeled for mCherry and CTb. Moreover, retrograde tracing using recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) also identified NAc NPY projections to the LH. Finally, we investigated monosynaptic input to the NPY neurons in the NAc using rRABV. We found that NPY neurons in the NAc received direct synaptic connections from the midline thalamic nuclei and posterior basomedial amygdala. These findings provide new insight into the neural networks of accumbal NPY neurons and should assist in elucidating their functional roles.

scholarly journals Benzidine dihydrochloride as a chromogen for single- and double-label light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lakos ◽  
A I Basbaum
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

Although very sensitive chromogens have been adapted for localization of horseradish peroxidase in anterograde and retrograde tracing studies, they have not been successfully applied in immunocytochemical studies. This report describes a protocol which uses benzidine dihydrochloride (BDHC) as the chromogen for light (LM) and electron microscopic (EM) immunocytochemical studies. The protocol is comparable to that used for tetramethylbenzidine, except that the pH of the reaction is above 6.0. At the LM level, the BDHC reaction product is bluish-green and crystalline. Both the color and form of the product are readily distinguished from the reddish-brown DAB reaction product. LM double-labeling studies are therefore feasible. The use of BDHC also increases significantly the sensitivity of the immunoreaction. Higher fixative concentrations can be used, less detergent is necessary, and higher primary antibody dilutions are possible. By osmicating at 45 degrees C in an s-collidine buffer it is possible to preserve the soluble BDHC reaction product for EM analysis. Immunoreactive cells are particularly well labeled with this new protocol. The BDHC crystals are easily detected at the EM level and can be distinguished from flocculent DAB reaction product. This feature makes EM double-labeling studies possible.

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