Anatomical relationships between the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum — A 10 region and the locus coeruleus as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Simon ◽  
M. Le Moal ◽  
L. Stinus ◽  
A. Calas
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Ventral Mesencephalic ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

Misdirection and guidance of regenerating axons after experimental nerve injury and repair

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godard C. W. de Ruiter ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Joost Verhaagen ◽  
Martijn J. A. Malessy
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Tracing Techniques ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
New Strategies

Misdirection of regenerating axons is one of the factors that can explain the limited results often found after nerve injury and repair. In the repair of mixed nerves innervating different distal targets (skin and muscle), misdirection may, for example, lead to motor axons projecting toward skin, and vice versa—that is, sensory axons projecting toward muscle. In the repair of motor nerves innervating different distal targets, misdirection may result in reinnervation of the wrong target muscle, which might function antagonistically. In sensory nerve repair, misdirection might give an increased perceptual territory. After median nerve repair, for example, this might lead to a dysfunctional hand. Different factors may be involved in the misdirection of regenerating axons, and there may be various mechanisms that can later correct for misdirection. In this review the authors discuss these different factors and mechanisms that act along the pathway of the regenerating axon. The authors review recently developed evaluation methods that can be used to investigate the accuracy of regeneration after nerve injury and repair (including the use of transgenic fluorescent mice, retrograde tracing techniques, and motion analysis). In addition, the authors discuss new strategies that can improve in vivo guidance of regenerating axons (including physical guidance with multichannel nerve tubes and biological guidance accomplished using gene therapy).

A direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the acoustic startle pathway: Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies.

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Rosen ◽  
Janice M. Hitchcock ◽  
Catherine B. Sananes ◽  
Mindy J. D. Miserendino ◽  
Michael Davis
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Direct Projection ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

scholarly journals Efferent and Afferent Connections of Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunji Yamada ◽  
Nienke van Kooten ◽  
Takuma Mori ◽  
Katsutoshi Taguchi ◽  
Atsushi Tsujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neural peptide distributed widely in the brain and has various functions in each region. We previously reported that NPY neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are involved in the regulation of anxiety behavior. Anterograde and retrograde tracing studies suggest that neurons in the NAc project to several areas, such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral pallidum (VP), and receive afferent projections from the cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. However, the neural connections between accumbal NPY neurons and other brain areas in mice remain unclear. In this study, we sought to clarify these anatomical connections of NPY neurons in the NAc by investigating their neural outputs and inputs. To selectively map NPY neuronal efferents from the NAc, we injected Cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) into the NAc of NPY-Cre mice. This revealed that NAc NPY neurons exclusively projected to the LH. We confirmed this by injecting cholera toxin b subunit (CTb), a retrograde tracer, into the LH and found that approximately 7–10% of NPY neurons in the NAc were double-labeled for mCherry and CTb. Moreover, retrograde tracing using recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) also identified NAc NPY projections to the LH. Finally, we investigated monosynaptic input to the NPY neurons in the NAc using rRABV. We found that NPY neurons in the NAc received direct synaptic connections from the midline thalamic nuclei and posterior basomedial amygdala. These findings provide new insight into the neural networks of accumbal NPY neurons and should assist in elucidating their functional roles.

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