On functional classes invariant relative to homotheties

1992 ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Reshetnyak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Classes

Determination of Sample Size and Influencing Factors to Characterize Faulting in Jointed Concrete Pavements

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199670
Author(s):  
Ruohan Li ◽  
Jorge A. Prozzi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jointed Concrete Pavement ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

The objective of this study is to evaluate the field variability of jointed concrete pavement (JCP) faulting and its effects on pavement performance. The standard deviation of faulting along both the longitudinal and transverse directions are calculated. Based on these, the overall variability is determined, and the required sample sizes needed for a given precision at a certain confidence level are calculated and presented. This calculation is very important as state departments of transportation are required to report faulting every 0.1 mi to the Federal Highway Administration as required by the 2015 FAST Act. On average, twice the number of measurements are needed on jointed reinforced concrete pavements (JRCP) to achieve the same confidence and precision as on jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP). For example, a sample size of 13 is needed to achieve a 95% confidence interval with a precision of 1.0 mm for average faulting of JPCP, while 26 measurements are required for JRCP ones. Average faulting was found to correlate with several climatic, structural, and traffic variables, while no significant difference was found between edge and outer wheelpath measurements. The application of Portland cement concrete overlay and the use of dowel bars (rather than aggregate interlock) are found to significantly reduce faulting. Older sections located on higher functional classes, and in regions of high precipitation or where the daily temperature change is larger, tend to have higher faulting, and might require larger samples sizes as compared with the rest when faulting surveys are to be conducted.

scholarly journals CoBold: a method for identifying different functional classes of transient RNA structure features that can impact RNA structure formation in vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López Martín ◽  
Mohamed Mounir ◽  
Irmtraud M Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Rna Secondary Structure ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Data Visualisation ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
The Given

Abstract RNA structure formation in vivo happens co-transcriptionally while the transcript is being made. The corresponding co-transcriptional folding pathway typically involves transient RNA structure features that are not part of the final, functional RNA structure. These transient features can play important functional roles of their own and also influence the formation of the final RNA structure in vivo. We here present CoBold, a computational method for identifying different functional classes of transient RNA structure features that can either aid or hinder the formation of a known reference RNA structure. Our method takes as input either a single RNA or a corresponding multiple-sequence alignment as well as a known reference RNA secondary structure and identifies different classes of transient RNA structure features that could aid or prevent the formation of the given RNA structure. We make CoBold available via a web-server which includes dedicated data visualisation.

Protein-RNA interactions: Structural analysis and functional classes

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Ellis ◽  
Mark Broom ◽  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Functional Classes

Neuronal activity related to visually guided saccades in the frontal eye fields of rhesus monkeys: comparison with supplementary eye fields

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Frontal Eye Fields ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Visual Cells ◽  
Preparatory Set ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Supplementary Eye Fields

1. The purpose of this study was to analyze the response properties of neurons in the frontal eye fields (FEF) of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and to compare and contrast the various functional classes with those recorded in the supplementary eye fields (SEF) of the same animals performing the same go/no-go visual tracking task. Three hundred ten cells recorded in FEF provided the data for this investigation. 2. Visual cells in FEF responded to the stimuli that guided the eye movements. The visual cells in FEF responded with a slightly shorter latency and were more consistent and phasic in their activation than their counterparts in SEF. The receptive fields tended to emphasize the contralateral hemifield to the same extent as those observed in SEF visual cells. 3. Preparatory set cells began to discharge after the presentation of the target and ceased firing before the saccade, after the go/no-go cue was given. These neurons comprised a smaller proportion in FEF than in SEF. In contrast to their counterparts in SEF, the preparatory set cells in FEF did not respond preferentially in relation to contralateral movements, even though most responded preferentially for movements in one particular direction. The time course of the discharge of the FEF set cells was similar to that of their SEF counterparts, except that they reached their peak level of activation sooner. The few preparatory set cells in FEF tested with both auditory and visual stimuli tended to respond preferentially to the visual targets, whereas, in contrast, most set cells in SEF were bimodal. 4. Sensory-movement cells represented the largest population of cells recorded in FEF, responding in relation to both the presentation of the targets and the execution of the saccade. Although some of these sensory-movement cells resembled their counterparts in SEF by exhibiting a sustained elevation of activity, most of the FEF sensory-movement cells gave two discrete bursts, one after the presentation of the target and another before and during the saccade. Like their counterparts in SEF, the sensory-movement cells tended to be tuned for saccades into the contralateral hemifield, but this tendency was more pronounced in FEF than in SEF. The FEF sensory-movement cells discharged more briskly, with a shorter latency relative to the presentation of the target, than their counterparts in SEF. In addition, the FEF sensory-movement neurons reached their peak activation sooner than SEF sensory-movement neurons. Most FEF sensory-movement cells exhibited different patterns of activation in response to visual and auditory targets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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