The use of abstract language in elementary metamathematics: Some pedagogic examples

1975 ◽  
pp. 38-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kreisel ◽  
G. E. Mints ◽  
S. G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Language

Initiating, Maintaining, or Breaking Up?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Menegatti ◽  
Monica Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Language Abstraction

Two studies examined whether individuals vary the level of abstraction of messages composed to achieve the relational goals of initiating, maintaining, and ending a romantic relationships when the goal of communication was self-disclosure or persuading one’s partner. Study 1 showed that abstract language was preferred to disclose thoughts and feelings about initiating a romantic relationship or to persuade the partner to consolidate a long-term one. Study 2 revealed that participants used abstract terms to persuade the partner to continue a problematic relationship and to disclose their thoughts on ending it. These results show that language abstraction is a flexible means to handle individuals’ goals and influence the course of romantic relationships.

The Analysis of Translation of Live Metaphors in Japanese Novel Haru No Yuki

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Melati Desa
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT   : Language and culture influences each other and its effect is reflected in not only the way humans think, but could also be seen in a full load of figurative elements in creative writing, such as metaphors. Thus, the report examines the aspects of the transfer of meaning in the live metaphors in Haru No Yuki, literary Japanese texts written by Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) translated to Malay by Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) as Salju Musim Bunga published by Penataran Ilmu. This report studies on the equivalence of the meaning of translated live metaphors from the source text to the target text. From the study of the equivalence of meaning can be evaluated that, if there is any type of losses of meaning in form of under translation, over translation or wrong translation. The retention of live metaphors in the target text produced an ideal translation. Universal live metaphors maintained by the translator, this approach produced an ideal translation in form of meaning and accepted by the culture and speakers of the target language. The conclusion of this report shows that, one of the factors in producing quality translations is to understand the elements of the original cultural metaphors contained in the source text. Keywords: live metaphor, personification, ideal translation, equivalence of meaning ABSTRAK         : Bahasa dan budaya saling mempengaruhi dan kesannya dapat dilihat bukan sahaja dalam cara manusia berpikir malah dalam penulisan kreatif yang memuatkan unsur figuratif, metafora misalnya. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti aspek pemindahan makna dalam terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi yang terdapat dalam teks kesusasteraan Jepun, Haru No Yuki hasil penulisan Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) menjadi Salju Musim Bunga (SMB) terbitan Penataran Ilmu. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji keselarasan makna terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi daripada teks sumber kepada teks sasaran. Daripada kajian keselarasan makna dapat dinilai sama ada berlaku peleburan makna metafora apabila terhasilnya terjemahan kurang, terjemahan lebih atau terjemahan salah. Kaedah pengekalan metafora hidup dalam teks sasaran didapati menghasilkan terjemahan ideal. Metafora hidup yang bersifat universal dikekalkan oleh penterjemah, pendekatan ini menghasilkan terjemahan ideal dari sudut makna dan diterima oleh budaya dan penutur bahasa sasaran. Sebagai kesimpulan, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa, salah satu faktor dalam usaha untuk menghasilkan terjemahan bermutu adalah dengan memahami unsur metafora budaya asal teks sumber.   Kata kunci : metafora hidup, personifikasi, terjemahan ideal, persamaan makna

Talk Isn’t So Cheap

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Aronoff ◽  
Jonathan Rawski ◽  
Wendy Sandler ◽  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Signed Languages ◽  
Language Universals ◽  
Abstract Language

Spoken and signed languages differ because of the affordances of the human body and the limits of each medium. But can commonalities between the two be compared to find abstract language universals?

Revolutionary Posturing: Iranian Writers and the Iranian Revolution of 1979

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak
Keyword(s):  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Iranian Revolution ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Single Idea

During those eventful days of early January 1979, after Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran had finally announced his intention to leave the country and the revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini had made his return from exile contingent on the shah's departure, a hemistitch by Hafez, the 14th-century Persian poet, suddenly appeared next to an array of revolutionary slogans on display in the streets of Tehran: “Div cho birun ravad fereshteh dar āyad” (When the demon departs, the angel shall arrive). The basic binary oppositions of demon/angel and departure/arrival fit the realities of the situation the country had found itself in; a perfect correspondence had been made between the simple, single idea enshrined in the abstract language of a medieval poetic phrase and the intricate political posturing involved in a modern-day revolution in the making. Furthermore, the stark discourse of antagonism underlying the opposition had become as absolute, as uncompromising as the idea of a total revolution.

scholarly journals Show or Tell? Teaching with language outperforms demonstration but only when context is shared

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Sumers ◽  
Mark K Ho ◽  
Robert Hawkins ◽  
Tom Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Shared Context

People use a wide range of communicative acts, from concrete demonstrations to abstract language. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such different modalities? We present a series of real-time, multi-player experiments asking participants to teach (Boolean) concepts using either demonstrations or language. Our first experiment (N = 454) manipulated the complexity of the concept, finding that linguistic (but not demonstrative) teaching enables high-fidelity transmission of more complex concepts. Why, then, do humans use both demonstrations and language? As a form of conventionalized communication, language relies on shared context between speaker and listener, whereas demonstrations are inherently grounded in the world. We hypothesized linguistic communication would be more sensitive to perturbations of shared context than demonstrations. Our second experiment (N = 568) manipulated teachers’ ability to see the features that defined the concept. This restriction severely impaired linguistic (but not demonstrative) teaching. Our comparative approach confirms language relies on shared context to permit high bandwidth communication; in contrast, demonstrations are lower-bandwidth but more robust.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Practical Teaching of the Artistic Thinking of Paper-cutting and the Basic Course of Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHANG AILI
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Teaching Reform ◽  
Innovative Practice ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Language Students ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Basic Course ◽  
Practical Teaching

Graphic composition occupies an important position in the basic courses of art major. However, the effect is often not brought into play due to the outdated single teaching method. This study introduces the teaching practice of paper-cutting art thinking in the curriculum teaching reform. It analyses how to use paper-cutting art thinking in the curriculum teaching reform and to use art-cutting thinking to help student better understand abstract language. This study also guides students to use paper-cutting for innovative practice in the basic course to improve the composition. The findings showed that the use of paper-cutting art thinking can effectively help students better understand abstract language. Students are constructing basic courses as the course practice of Chinese using this teaching method is richer and more innovative. The paper-cutting art thinking method provides a richer theoretical basis and practical teaching method for teaching reforms.

The Relationship Between Middle-Class Parents’ Book-Sharing Discussion and Their Preschoolers’ Abstract Language Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Kleeck ◽  
Ronald B. Gillam ◽  
Lori Hamilton ◽  
Cassandra McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Preschool Language ◽  
Abstract Language ◽  
Language Abstraction ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Book Sharing

Thirty-five mothers and fathers were videotaped in their homes as they read a familiar and unfamiliar book to their preschoolers aged between 3;6 and 4;1. Parental discussions about the text were coded for four levels of abstraction and correlated with children’s gains one year later on a formal test of the same four levels of language abstraction (the Preschool Language Assessment Instrument). Parental input at three of the four levels of abstraction was positively and significantly correlated with their children’s gains at the highest level of abstraction. This was also the level at which children’s scores were the lowest initially and showed the greatest gains. The results suggest that discussions during book reading with preschoolers may be a positive influence, since it was parents’ amount of input at lower as well as higher levels of abstraction that correlated with the children’s development of more abstract language. We speculate that more input at lower levels might enhance learning by creating a climate of success in allowing children to display mastered skills, whereas more input at higher levels might enhance learning by challenging children with abstract language skills they are just beginning to acquire. In contrast to previous research, these results suggest that there is a great deal of variability in middle-class families in the amount of input that children receive at various level of abstractions during book sharing.

Epistemological Notes on Mathematics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Geometric Theory ◽  
Non Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Mathematical Thought ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Abstract Language

This chapter is an attempt to show how mathematical thought has changed in the last two centuries. In fact, with the discovery of the so-called non-Euclidean Geometries, mathematical thinking changed profoundly. With the negation of the postulate for “antonomasia,” that is the uniqueness of the parallel for Euclid, and the construction of a geometric theory equally valid on the logical and coherence plane, called non-Euclidean geometry, the meaning of the word “postulate” or “axiom” changes radically. The axioms of a theory do not necessarily have to be dictated by real evidence. On this basis the constructions of arithmetic and geometry are built. The axiomatic-deductive method becomes the mathematical method. It will also highlight the constant link between mathematics and the reality that surrounds us, which tends to make itself explicit through an artificial, abstract language and with clear and certain grammatical rules. Finally, you will notice the connection with the existing technology, that is the new electronic and digital technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document