scholarly journals Formal language constrained path problems

1998 ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Barrett ◽  
Riko Jacob ◽  
Madhav Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language

Automated Indexing of SNOMED Statements into ICD

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wingert
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Program System ◽  
Icd Codes

SummaryA formal language is presented which is used to generate a transformation table for mapping SNOMED statements to ICD codes. Non-terminal symbols define parts of the SNOMED space, the highest order of which corresponds to ICD categories. Performance of the corresponding program system and remaining problems are described.

Da eine oder mehrere betroffen …

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-100
Author(s):  
Melitta Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High

AbstractBased on a corpus study conducted using the GerManC corpus (1650–1800), the paper sketches the functional and sociosymbolic development of subordinate clause constructions introduced by the subjunctor da ‘since’ in different text genres. In the second half of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, the da clauses were characterized by semantic vagueness: Besides temporal, spatial and causal relations, the subjunctor established conditional, concessive, and adversative links between clauses. The corpus study reveals that different genres are crucial to the readings of da clauses. Spatial and temporal usages, for example, occur more often in sermons than in other genres. The conditional reading, in contrast, strongly tends to occur in legal texts, where it displays very high frequency. This could be the reason why da clauses carry indexical meaning in contemporary German and are associated with formal language. Over the course of the 18th century, the causal usages increase in all genres. Surprisingly, these causal da clauses tend to be placed in front of the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to follow the matrix clause.

scholarly journals Three Types of Architectural Educational Strategies (AES) in Sustainable Buildings for Learning Environments in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8166
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chupin ◽  
Morteza Hazbei ◽  
Karl-Antoine Pelchat
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
Sustainable Architecture ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Advanced Knowledge

This article explores a trend provisionally called “eco-didacticism” observable for nearly 15 years in art, design and architecture. The corpus concentrates on learning centres as buildings meant to diffuse advanced knowledge in the field of sustainable architecture. We found evidence of additional educational intentions to the pedagogical or scientific programs that these buildings have already been mandated to host and support. A variety of practices or devices have sometimes been added to the architecture, sometimes integrated, while others determine the overall structuring of these educational buildings. Seven cases of “learning centres” built in Canada between 2004 and 2018 have been screened through three epistemological filters distinguishing forms of “architectural didactics”: 1—a labeling often quantitative approach, 2—an experiential or practical approach, 3—a visually narrative or iconic approach. While outlining definitions of these Architectural Educational Strategies (AES), we offer initial explanations for their distinctive features. It appears that architects, designers and critics altogether operate on the belief that forms of architectural communication can operate as elements of a language that would be accessible to non-experts. Our conclusion indicates how future research could question the very possibility of giving lessons through formal language and aesthetic features.

scholarly journals Closed Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fritz ◽  
Harvey Lederman ◽  
Gabriel Uzquiano
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Propositional Attitudes ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Structured Propositions ◽  
Higher Order Logic ◽  
Closed Structure

AbstractAccording to the structured theory of propositions, if two sentences express the same proposition, then they have the same syntactic structure, with corresponding syntactic constituents expressing the same entities. A number of philosophers have recently focused attention on a powerful argument against this theory, based on a result by Bertrand Russell, which shows that the theory of structured propositions is inconsistent in higher order-logic. This paper explores a response to this argument, which involves restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured, so that it does not hold for all propositions whatsoever, but only for those which are expressible using closed sentences of a given formal language. We call this restricted principle Closed Structure, and show that it is consistent in classical higher-order logic. As a schematic principle, the strength of Closed Structure is dependent on the chosen language. For its consistency to be philosophically significant, it also needs to be consistent in every extension of the language which the theorist of structured propositions is apt to accept. But, we go on to show, Closed Structure is in fact inconsistent in a very natural extension of the standard language of higher-order logic, which adds resources for plural talk of propositions. We conclude that this particular strategy of restricting the scope of the claim that propositions are structured is not a compelling response to the argument based on Russell’s result, though we note that for some applications, for instance to propositional attitudes, a restricted thesis in the vicinity may hold some promise.

A syntax controlled generator of formal language processors

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eickel ◽  
M. Paul ◽  
F. L. Bauer ◽  
K. Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language

Spoken Greek

1944 ◽  
Vol 13 (38-39) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
W. R Loader
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Business Correspondence

It has been suggested that there is less difference between ancient Greek and modern Greek than between present-day English and Chaucer's language. The suggestion is somewhat questionable. Broadly speaking, apart from dialects and local variations, there are presently three languages in Greece, the Kathareuousa, the Demotiki, and the popular newspaper language, which is a blend of the two.The Kathareuousa is the official and formal language, used in Government publications and statements, business correspondence, non-fictional books and treatises, law courts, University lectures, and in formal conversation. And although its grammatical structure is analytic as opposed to the synthesis of ancient Greek (a change which constitutes the main difference between classical and modern Greek, as it does between other modern and ancient languages), in the Kathareuousa the most strenuous attempt has been made to maintain the accidence and vocabulary of the ancient language.Words are declined and verbs conjugated (without some of their more difficult and less used moods and tenses) as in Attic Greek, pronouns and prepositions and the cases governed by them are the same, and while, naturally, many terms which describe things known only to the modern world are not to be found in Liddell and Scott, they are generally legitimate and intelligible compounds of words which are to be found in Liddell and Scott. Ἀɛροπλἁνoν for aeroplane, ἀɛρòσTαtoν for balloon, are instances which come easily to mind.

scholarly journals CICT: New Eyes on Computational Competence in Computational Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Rodolfo A. Fiorini
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Computational Science ◽  
Open Logic ◽  
Information Conservation ◽  
Biomedical System ◽  
New Perspective

Science does not exists to enlighten people's minds only. It mainly exists to show the educated way from quanta to qualia. And that way starts from computational competence. In previous papers published elsewhere, we have already shown that traditional Q Arithmetic can be regarded as a highly sophisticated open logic, powerful and flexible bidirectional formal language of languages, according to "Computational Information Conservation Theory" (CICT) new perspective. This new awareness can offer competitive approach to guide more effective and convenient algorithm development and application to arbitrary multiscale (AMS) biomedical system modeling and simulation. An articulated example on function computational modelling is presented and compared to standard, well-known and traditional approach. Results are critically discussed.

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