Model calculations of the spatial and temporal temperature distribution at the basalt-rock salt contact after intrusion of the basaltic melts

2005 ◽  
pp. 92-117
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Basaltic Melts ◽  
Basalt Rock

Radiation Damage in NaCI: Calculations with an Extended Jain-Lidiard Model

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim J. Soppe ◽  
J. Prij
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Salt Formation ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Nucleation Stage ◽  
Defect Centers ◽  
Waste Repository ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThe colloid growth due to irradiation in a rock salt formation is calculated with an extended version of the Jain-Lidiard model. The extensions of the model comprise a description of the nucleation stage of the colloids and the role of impurities on the formation of defect centers. Results of model calculations are shown for a representative design for a high-level radioactive waste repository in a rock salt formation. It is concluded that it is unlikely that, near the waste containers, the fraction of NaCl that will be converted to metallic Na and molecular Cl centers will exceed a few mole percent.

scholarly journals Centreline and cross-glacier air temperature variability on an Alpine glacier: assessing temperature distribution methods and their influence on melt model calculations

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (242) ◽  
pp. 973-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. SHAW ◽  
BEN W. BROCK ◽  
ÁLVARO AYALA ◽  
NICK RUTTER ◽  
FRANCESCA PELLICCIOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Model Calculations

ABSTRACTThe spatio-temporal distribution of air temperature over mountain glaciers can demonstrate complex patterns, yet it is often represented simplistically using linear vertical temperature gradients (VTGs) extrapolated from off-glacier locations. We analyse a network of centreline and lateral air temperature observations at Tsanteleina Glacier, Italy, during summer 2015. On average, VTGs are steep (<−0.0065 °C m−1), but they are shallow under warm ambient conditions when the correlation between air temperature and elevation becomes weaker. Published along-flowline temperature distribution methods explain centreline observations well, including warming on the lower glacier tongue, but cannot estimate lateral temperature variability. Application of temperature distribution methods improves simulation of melt rates (RMSE) in an energy-balance model by up to 36% compared to the environmental lapse rate extrapolated from an off-glacier station. However, results suggest that model parameters are not easily transferable to glaciers with a small fetch without recalibration. Such methods have potential to improve estimates of temperature across a glacier, but their parameter transferability should be further linked to the glacier and atmospheric characteristics. Furthermore, ‘cold spots’, which can be >2°C cooler than expected for their elevation, whose occurrence is not predicted by the temperature distribution models, are identified at one-quarter of the measurement sites.

Mesoscopic Structures and Their Effects on High-Tc Superconductivity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
High Tc ◽  
High Tc Superconductivity ◽  
Electron Phonon Coupling ◽  
Structural Blocks

This article presents the results of model calculations carried out to determine the mesoscopic structural features of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) crystal structures, and especially their characteristic high critical temperature (Tc) and anisotropy. The crystal structure of high-temperature superconductors (HTSc) is unique in having some mesoscopic features. For example, the structures of a majority of cuprite superconductors are comprised of two structural blocks, perovskite and rock salt, stacked along the c-direction. This article calculates the interaction between the perovskite and rock salt blocks in the form of combinative energy in order to elucidate the effects of mesoscopic structures on high-Tc superconductivity. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show that a ‘fixed triangle’ exists in the samples under investigation. The article also examines the importance of electron–phonon coupling in high-Tc superconductors.

scholarly journals Determination of gas temperature in the plasmatron channel according to the known distribution of electronic temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gerasimov ◽  
Alexander Kirpichnikov ◽  
Leonid Rachevsky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Plasma Torch ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Heavy Component ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Electronic Temperature ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Gas Blowing ◽  
Effective Conditions

An analytical method to calculate the temperature distribution of heavy particles in the channel of the plasma torch on the known distribution of the electronic temperature has been proposed. The results can be useful for a number of model calculations in determining the most effective conditions of gas blowing through the plasma torch with the purpose of heating the heavy component. This approach allows us to understand full details about the heating of cold gas, inpouring the plasma, and to estimate correctly the distribution of the gas temperature inside the channel.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of SCR Mixer Design Optimization for Improved Performance

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Mehdi ◽  
Song Zhou ◽  
Yuanqing Zhu ◽  
Ahmer Shah ◽  
Kishore Chand
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Mixer Design ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Scr System

The continuous increase in the number of stringent exhaust emission legislations of marine Diesel engines had led to a decrease in NOx emissions at the required level. Selective catalyst reduction (SCR) is the most prominent and mature technology used to reduce NOx emissions. However, to obtain maximum NOx removal with minimum ammonia slip remains a challenge. Therefore, new mixers are designed in order to obtain the maximum SCR efficiency. This paper reports performance parameters such as uniformity of velocity, ammonia uniformity distribution, and temperature distribution. Also, a numerical model is developed to investigate the interaction of urea droplet with exhaust gas and its effects by using line (LM) and swirl (SM) type mixers alone and in combination (LSM). The urea droplet residence time and its interaction in straight pipe are also investigated. Model calculations proved the improvement in velocity uniformity, distribution of ammonia uniformity, and temperature distribution for LSM. Prominent enhancement in the evaporation rate was also achieved by using LSM, which may be due to the breaking of urea droplets into droplets of smaller diameter. Therefore, the SCR system accomplished higher urea conversion efficiency by using LSM. Lastly, the ISO 8178 standard engine test cycle E3 was used to verify the simulation results. It has been observed that the average weighted value of NOx emission obtained at SCR outlet using LSM was 2.44 g/kWh, which strongly meets International Maritime Organization (IMO) Tier III NOx (3.4 g/kWh) emission regulations.

Effects of Ambipolar Diffusion on Prominence Thread Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Rovira ◽  
J. M. Fontenla ◽  
J.-C. Vial ◽  
P. Gouttebroze
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Ambipolar Diffusion ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Partial Frequency ◽  
Frequency Redistribution ◽  
Partial Frequency Redistribution ◽  
Theoretical Structure

AbstractWe have improved previous model calculations of the prominence-corona transition region including the effect of the ambipolar diffusion in the statistical equilibrium and energy balance equations. We show its influence on the different parameters that characterize the resulting prominence theoretical structure. We take into account the effect of the partial frequency redistribution (PRD) in the line profiles and total intensities calculations.

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